Physical Therapistsʼ Knowledge of Physical Elder Abuse—Signs, Symptoms, Laws, and Facility Protocols

Intervenções fisioterapêuticas direcionadas à pessoa idosa em situação de violência: uma revisão de escopo

“…At the end of this phase, 7 studies were preselected to be read in full, a study rescued by the Snowballing strategy 17 , resulting ultimately in 8 studies included [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . The result of the search and selection can be seen in Figure 1.…”

“…Regarding screening/triage, three studies reported the importance of tracking potential sources of violence, and this strategy can be incorporated into the assessment protocol and the routine of care [18][19][20] .…”

“…The general assessment included observation of the patient, family and patient-caregiver interaction. In seven studies, the general signs of VAOP, which may also indicate probable psychological violence, were: confusion; disorientation; fear of strangers and the environment; frequent unexplained crying; sudden changes in behavior; depression; low selfesteem; longing for attention; nervousness; rage; aggressiveness; non-adherence to the physical therapy treatment program; tendency to isolation; fear or suspicion of certain people at home; ambivalence of feeling towards the caregiver; and hesitation to talk about the caregiver [17][18][19][20][21]23,24 .…”

Best-Practice Guideline on the Prevention of Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

“…Three issues we identifi ed that related to the education of health care providers were (a) a knowledge and training defi cit around the abuse and neglect of older adults (i.e., how to recognize abuse, how to respond appropriately, laws related to reporting abuse) (Almogue et al, 2010 ;Podnieks, Anetzberger, Wilson, Teaster, & Wangmo, 2010 ;Richardson, Kitchen, & Livingston, 2002 ;Saliga, Adamowicz, Logue, & Smith, 2004 ); (b) a hesitancy to report abuse and neglect even after education is provided (McCool, Jogerst, Daly, & Xu, 2009 ); and (c) a gap between knowledge and practice in that education may increase knowledge about abuse but may not affect health ca1re provider behaviour (i.e., asking about or responding to abuse) (Jogerst, Daly, Dawson, Brinig, & Schmuch, 2003 ). The literature on older adult abuse education programs have shown mixed results regarding their effectiveness, mainly whether the education programs lead to an increase in knowledge, assessment skills, and reporting of abuse and neglect by health care providers (Alt, Nguyen, & Meurer, 2011 ;Jogerst et al, 2003 ;Mills et al, 2012 ;Teresi et al, 2013 ;Wong & Marr, 2002 ).…”

“…Six strategies emerged that underline how organizations and government systems can target abuse and neglect of older adults. These were (a) developing abuse/neglect of older adults assessment teams (Fulmer et al, 2003 ;Heath et al, 2005 ;Lawrence & Banerjee, 2010 ;Mosqueda, Burnight, Liao, & Kemp, 2004 ;Teaster, Nerenberg, & Stansbury, 2003 ;Wiglesworth et al, 2006 ); (b) improving working conditions in nursing homes (Goergen, 2004 ;Shinan-Altman & Cohen, 2009 ); (c) supporting the supervision, tracking, and monitoring of abuse in nursing homes (Lindbloom et al, 2007 ;Malmedal et al, 2009 ;McCool et al, 2009 ;Phillips & Ziminski, 2012 ;Schmeidel et al, 2012 ); (d) providing funding for abuse programs/services (Jogerst et al, 2001 ;Podnieks et al, 2010 ); (e) developing policies and protocols for responding and for training; and (f) creating supports for health care providers (Buzgova & Ivanova, 2009 ;Ko, & Koh, 2012 ;Sandmoe & Kirkevold, 2013 ;Sandmoe et al, 2011 ).The literature pointed out the challenges and outcomes of mandatory reporting laws and policies (Saliga et al, 2004 ). Health care providers are not always aware of mandatory reporting laws and policies or how to enforce them.…”