Physical training improves non-spatial memory, locomotor skills and the blood brain barrier in diabetic rats

Senna, Priscylla Nunes de; Xavier, Léder Leal; Bagatini, Pamela Brambilla; Saur, Lisiani; Galland, Fabiana; Zanotto, Caroline; Bernardi, Caren Luciane; Nardin, Patrícia; Gonçalves, Carlos Alberto; Achaval, Matilde

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.026

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Guo and co-workers (Guo et al 2008) pointed out that exercise could improve the BBB structure by ameliorating the integrity of the basal lamina, in association with a decreased expression of matrix-metalloproteinase-9. Exercise was also found to protect the striatal BBB in an animal model of diabetes (de Senna et al 2015). The results of our study corroborate other findings where exercise produced an immunomodulatory effect, by reducing the pro-inflammatory and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines (Souza et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women

Chupel

Minuzzi

Furtado

et al. 2018

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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1Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women Authors:Matheus Abstract:Immunosenescence contribute to increase the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Thus, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise and taurine supplementation on peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier, inflammation, and cognition of elderly women. Forty-eight elderly women (83.58±6.9 years) participated in the study, and were allocated into combined exercise training (CET: n=13), taurine supplementation (TAU: n=12), exercise training associated with taurine (CET+TAU: n=11), or control group (CG: n=12). Exercise was applied twice a week (multi-modal exercise). Taurine ingestion was 1.5g., once a day. Participants were evaluated before and after 14-weeks of intervention. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and serum concentration of S100β and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were determined. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) was also applied.Concentrations of S100β were maintained in all intervention groups, while a subtle increase in the CG was found. NSE levels increased only in TAU group (p<0.05). CET reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β/IL-1ra, IL-6/IL10, TNF-α/IL-10 ratios (p<0.05). TAU decreased the IL-1β/IL-1ra ratio (p<0.05). MMSE score increased only in CET+TAU group (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysisshowed that there was a trend for changes in IL-1β and CCI to be independently associated with changes in S100β. Exercise and taurine decreased inflammation, and maintained the BBB integrity in elderly women. Exercise emerged as an important tool to improve brain health even when started at advanced ages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women

Chupel

Minuzzi

Furtado

et al. 2018

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Furthermore, the dysfunction of the BBB that is associated with inflammation during aging leads to neuronal injury and neurodegeneration (Zhao et al, 2015). It has also been suggested that physical training improves the structural components of the BBB in diabetic rats (de Senna et al, 2015), whereas the effects of physical training on BBB dysfunction in the aging brain have not previously been explored. Here, we used in vivo two-photon imaging to study the effects of physical training on BBB function, and found that 6 weeks of voluntary running had no significant effect on BBB permeation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary Exercise Promotes Glymphatic Clearance of Amyloid Beta and Reduces the Activation of Astrocytes and Microglia in Aged Mice

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

254

192

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Age is characterized by chronic inflammation, leading to synaptic dysfunction and dementia because the clearance of protein waste is reduced. The clearance of proteins depends partly on the permeation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or on the exchange of water and soluble contents between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the interstitial fluid (ISF). A wealth of evidence indicates that physical exercise improves memory and cognition in neurodegenerative diseases during aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the influence of physical training on glymphatic clearance, BBB permeability and neuroinflammation remains unclear. In this study, glymphatic clearance and BBB permeability were evaluated in aged mice using in vivo two-photon imaging. The mice performed voluntary wheel running exercise and their water-maze cognition was assessed; the expression of the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4), astrocyte and microglial activation, and the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) were evaluated with immunofluorescence or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); synaptic function was investigated with Thy1–green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice and immunofluorescent staining. Voluntary wheel running significantly improved water-maze cognition in the aged mice, accelerated the efficiency of glymphatic clearance, but which did not affect BBB permeability. The numbers of activated astrocytes and microglia decreased, AQP4 expression increased, and the distribution of astrocytic AQP4 was rearranged. Aβ accumulation decreased, whereas dendrites, dendritic spines and postsynaptic density protein (PSD95) increased. Our study suggests that voluntary wheel running accelerated glymphatic clearance but not BBB permeation, improved astrocytic AQP4 expression and polarization, attenuated the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neuroinflammation, and ultimately protected mice against synaptic dysfunction and a decline in spatial cognition. These data suggest possible mechanisms for exercise-induced neuroprotection in the aging brain.

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“…Individuals that exercised regularly for 28 days exhibited reduced plasma homocysteine levels and increased endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood, factors that protect against vascular damage and cognitive impairment [237]. Experimental studies in diabetic rats have shown that treadmill exercise maintains claudin-5 expression at the BBB compared to rats not receiving exercise [238]. Mechanistically, physical activity and cognitive stimulation in the form of enriched environment (e.g., tunnels, balls, ladders, and running wheel) accelerated Aβ enzymatic degradation and enhanced transvascular Aβ clearance, reducing Aβ accumulation in brains of AD transgenic mouse models [239,240].…”

Section: Vasculoprotective Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Nelson

Sweeney

Sagare

et al. 2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

455

423

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Vascular insults can initiate a cascade of molecular events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment and dementia. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms in cerebral blood vessels and the pathophysiological events leading to cerebral blood flow dysregulation and disruption of the neurovascular unit and the blood-brain barrier, which all may contribute to the onset and progression of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Particularly, we examine the link between neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration including the effects of AD genetic risk factors on cerebrovascular functions and clearance of Alzheimer’s amyloid-β peptide toxin, and the impact of vascular risk factors, environment and lifestyle on cerebral blood vessels, which in turn may affect synaptic, neuronal and cognitive functions. Finally, we examine potential experimental treatments for dementia and AD based on the neurovascular model, and discuss some critical questions to be addressed by future studies.

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Physical training improves non-spatial memory, locomotor skills and the blood brain barrier in diabetic rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 57 publications

Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women

Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women

Voluntary Exercise Promotes Glymphatic Clearance of Amyloid Beta and Reduces the Activation of Astrocytes and Microglia in Aged Mice

Neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia and Alzheimer's disease

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