Physical Unclonable Function based on a Multi-Mode Optical Waveguide

Mesaritakis, Charis; Akriotou, Marialena; Kapsalis, A.; Grivas, Evangelos; Chaintoutis, Charidimos; Νίκας, Θωμάς; Syvridis, Dimitris

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28008-6

Cited by 71 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, as illustrated in Figure 1B, speckle phenomena from conventionally disordered photonic devices are notoriously sensitive to probing and environmental variations. Thus optical PUFs realized from laser speckle patterns suffer from high 'intrachip' variation and are generally not robust nor widely considered to be a scalable technology, as they require precisely controlled optical alignment, tilt, polarization, temperature, and stable 2D spatially resolved optical imaging to measure and verify [1,3,31]. To realize a robust and scalable PUF technology, it remains imperative to enhance 'inter-chip' variation while simultaneously minimizing 'intra-chip' variation.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Robust optical physical unclonable function using disordered photonic integrated circuits

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AbstractPhysical unclonable function (PUF) has emerged as a promising and important security primitive for use in modern systems and devices, due to their increasingly embedded, distributed, unsupervised, and physically exposed nature. However, optical PUFs based on speckle patterns, chaos, or ‘strong’ disorder are so far notoriously sensitive to probing and/or environmental variations. Here we report an optical PUF designed for robustness against fluctuations in optical angular/spatial alignment, polarization, and temperature. This is achieved using an integrated quasicrystal interferometer (QCI) which sensitively probes disorder while: (1) ensuring all modes are engineered to exhibit approximately the same confinement factor in the predominant thermo-optic medium (e. g. silicon), and (2) constraining the transverse spatial-mode and polarization degrees of freedom. This demonstration unveils a new means for amplifying and harnessing the effects of ‘weak’ disorder in photonics and is an important and enabling step toward new generations of optics-enabled hardware and information security devices.

show abstract

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our integrated silicon photonic PUF is depicted in Figure 2. Unlike free-space or multimode waveguide/fiber optical PUFs [1,3,31], our PUFs interface with disorder in a stable fashion (i.e. Figure 1C) through a co-integrated mode filter consisting of TE polarization grating couplers [41] and single-mode waveguides [42].…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust optical physical unclonable function using disordered photonic integrated circuits

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The output response depends on the location of the optical token, the laser orientation, and the wavelength of the laser. The authors of [11] proposed a physical unclonable function based on a single optical waveguide that they experimentally and numerically validated. The system's responses (responses of PUF) consist of speckle-like images that stem from mode-mixing and scattering events of multiple guided transverse modes [11].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Security Improvements in Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks Stage 2 †

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. These networks rely on broadcast signal distribution in the downstream direction and unicast signal transmission in the upstream direction. The upstream direction is controlled by optical line termination (OLT). The broadcast transmission method increases security vulnerability because the attacker is able to connect his/her modified optical network unit (ONU) to the free port of the splitter (commonly in the basement). We present the concept for the activation process of ONUs based on physical unclonable function (PUF) for next-generation passive optical networks stage 2 (NG-PON2). The use of PUF increases security in the NG-PON2. Furthermore, the registration identifier (ID) is not stored in a nonvolatile memory, in comparison with the common solution defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendation G.989.3. An attacker cannot perform a reverse engineering attack to obtain the registration ID. For this reason, the attacker cannot clone an ONU. We proposed security improvements that involve authentication, encryption, integrity protection, and data origin verification methods in the NG-PON2. Our model uses the standard implementation of the transmission convergence layer of NG-PON2 with the new physical layer operations, administration, and maintenance (PLOAM) messages. The recommendation G.989.3 allows specifying own PLOAM messages since not all IDs are used in the current specification.

show abstract

“…KONFIDO is a European Union (EU) funded project [ 1 ], which aims to leverage novel approaches and cutting-edge technologies, such as homomorphic encryption [ 2 ], photonic Physical Unclonable Functions (p-PUF) [ 3 ], a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system [ 4 ], and blockchain-based auditing [ 5 ], in order to develop a holistic paradigm for secure, cross-border exchange, storage and overall handling of health data. It builds its solution upon existing/evolving European frameworks, such as OpenNCP (Open-source and reference version of the NCP software) [ 6 ], which is the open-source National Contact Point (NCP) software implementation of its predecessor project named epSOS (European Partners – Smart Open Services) [ 7 ], and eIDAS (electronic IDentification, Authentication and trust Services) [ 8 ], which stands for the EU regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive user requirements engineering methodology for secure and interoperable health data exchange

Natsiavas

Rasmussen²,

Voss-Knude³

et al. 2018

BMC Med Inform Decis Mak

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIncreased digitalization of healthcare comes along with the cost of cybercrime proliferation. This results to patients’ and healthcare providers' skepticism to adopt Health Information Technologies (HIT). In Europe, this shortcoming hampers efficient cross-border health data exchange, which requires a holistic, secure and interoperable framework. This study aimed to provide the foundations for designing a secure and interoperable toolkit for cross-border health data exchange within the European Union (EU), conducted in the scope of the KONFIDO project. Particularly, we present our user requirements engineering methodology and the obtained results, driving the technical design of the KONFIDO toolkit.MethodsOur methodology relied on four pillars: (a) a gap analysis study, reviewing a range of relevant projects/initiatives, technologies as well as cybersecurity strategies for HIT interoperability and cybersecurity; (b) the definition of user scenarios with major focus on cross-border health data exchange in the three pilot countries of the project; (c) a user requirements elicitation phase containing a threat analysis of the business processes entailed in the user scenarios, and (d) surveying and discussing with key stakeholders, aiming to validate the obtained outcomes and identify barriers and facilitators for HIT adoption linked with cybersecurity and interoperability.ResultsAccording to the gap analysis outcomes, full adherence with information security standards is currently not universally met. Sustainability plans shall be defined for adapting existing/evolving frameworks to the state-of-the-art. Overall, lack of integration in a holistic security approach was clearly identified. For each user scenario, we concluded with a comprehensive workflow, highlighting challenges and open issues for their application in our pilot sites. The threat analysis resulted in a set of 30 user goals in total, documented in detail. Finally, indicative barriers of HIT acceptance include lack of awareness regarding HIT risks and legislations, lack of a security-oriented culture and management commitment, as well as usability constraints, while important facilitators concern the adoption of standards and current efforts for a common EU legislation framework.ConclusionsOur study provides important insights to address secure and interoperable health data exchange, while our methodological framework constitutes a paradigm for investigating diverse cybersecurity-related risks in the health sector.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12911-018-0664-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Physical Unclonable Function based on a Multi-Mode Optical Waveguide

Cited by 71 publications

References 52 publications

Robust optical physical unclonable function using disordered photonic integrated circuits

Robust optical physical unclonable function using disordered photonic integrated circuits

New Security Improvements in Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks Stage 2 †

Comprehensive user requirements engineering methodology for secure and interoperable health data exchange

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About