Physical versus virtual pointing

Graham, Evan D.; MacKenzie, Christine L.

doi:10.1145/238386.238532

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies have found that superimposed displays are an ideal way to facilitate performance in remote environments [3,7,8,16]. The results of experiment 2 indicate that the superimposed viewing condition also facilitates motor planning, shortening the decision-making process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The benefits of placing a superimposed image over the work plane on task performance have been documented in both virtual and endoscopic task environments [7,8,16]. Experiment 2 extended these benefits to motor planning, which takes place even before the actual movement is initiated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Methods to overcome the problem, such as displaying the surgical image above the patient using a superimposition technique [7,8,15], were also investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reaction times and the decision-making process in endoscopic surgery

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There are times during endoscopic procedures when the displayed surgical field does not align with the actual field due to rotation of the camera. The surgeon's performance may deteriorate under this situation. However, the effects of misalignment on the decision-making processes during endoscopic procedures have not been fully explored. The present study addresses this problem and suggests a technique that may be used to alleviate it. Methods: Two experiments were completed in a mock endoscopic surgical setup where the image of the work plane inside the training box was either projected on a vertical monitor placed at eye level or superimposed over the training box by means of a half-silvered mirror. The work plane consisted of a start plate and four target plates. The experimenter varied the number of choices of target location among one, two, and four target choices. Rotating the camera about its longitudinal axis misaligned the displayed and the actual work plane. There were two experiments that differed in task difficulty. The task in experiment 1 was to touch the target plate, whereas the task in experiment 2 was to reach, grasp, and transport the object from the target to the start plate. Results: Experiment 1 showed that reaction time increased with the number of the choices for a touch task, in accordance with the Hick-Hyman law. Using a graspand-transport task, experiment 2 replicated experiment 1 and extended the results to show that the use of a superimposed image display facilitated the decisionmaking process, leading to shorter reaction times compared to the vertical image display. Discussion: During endoscopic procedures, the surgeon needs to translate indirect perceptions to instrumentmediated actions by ''mapping'' them through sensorimotor integration. The superimposed image alleviates the mental load of spatial transformations by reducing the difficulty of the required sensorimotor mapping. These findings have important implications for the design of high-quality superimposed display technologies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reaction times and the decision-making process in endoscopic surgery

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In studies where the hand has been used as the manipulation device for aiming to targets in both desktop and virtual environments, movement times have also been found to conform with Fitts' law [3,12]. However in these studies, subjects used their fingers as pointers to planar targets on the table surface and thus haptic feedback was always available at target contact.…”

Section: Target Acquisition and Haptic Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, we were interested in understanding how the availability of haptic and visual feedback affect movements made in augmented and virtual environments. Our third purpose was to use kinematic variables to obtain a more detailed understanding of how reaching movements are made in computer generated environments [3]. Our main research hypothesis was that haptic feedback at object contact would provide movement time and deceleration time benefits when acquiring a target into grasp.…”

Section: Chi 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching movements to augmented and graphic objects in virtual environments

Mason

Walji

Lee

et al. 2001

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work explores how the availability of visual and haptic feedback affects the kinematics of reaching performance in a tabletop virtual environment. Eight subjects performed reach-to-grasp movements toward target objects of various sizes in conditions where visual and haptic feedback were either present or absent. It was found that movement time was slower when visual feedback of the moving limb was not available. Further MT varied systematically with target size when haptic feedback was available (i.e. augmented targets), and thus followed Fitts' law. However, movement times were constant regardless of target size when haptic feedback was removed. In depth analysis of the reaching kinematics revealed that subjects spent longer decelerating toward smaller targets in conditions where haptic feedback was available. In contrast, deceleration time was constant when haptic feedback was absent. These results suggest that visual feedback about the moving limb and veridical haptic feedback about object contact are extremely important for humans to effectively work in virtual environments.

show abstract

Grasping at ‘thin air’: multimodal contact cues for reaching and grasping

Zahariev

MacKenzie

2007

Exp Brain Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments investigated the effects of haptic, auditory and graphic contact cues on reaching to grasp augmented objects (physical and graphic) and virtual objects (graphic only) of various sizes. In Experiment 1, auditory contact cues were presented either to enhance or to replace natural haptic contact cues in grasping. In Experiment 2, graphic contact cues were presented alone or in combination with auditory cues, and were provided either to enhance or to replace haptic contact information. Visual information of the hand was not available. Experiment 1 showed that enhancing haptic contact information with redundant auditory cues (augmented object) led to faster movement times than haptic cues alone. When haptic information was not available (virtual object), it could be replaced to some extent by auditory contact cues. In Experiment 2 movement times were fastest when both auditory and graphic cues were provided, and slowest when no contact cues were provided. Further, movement times were scaled to target width when reaching to grasp augmented objects, thus following Fitts' law. In contrast, movement times showed a less pronounced decrease with increasing object size for virtual objects. However, even in the absence of haptic information, movement times showed a more pronounced scaling to object size when auditory contact cues were provided. These results emphasize the importance of contact information, especially haptic and auditory information, for planning and control of reaching and grasping.

show abstract

Physical versus virtual pointing

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Reaction times and the decision-making process in endoscopic surgery

Reaction times and the decision-making process in endoscopic surgery

Reaching movements to augmented and graphic objects in virtual environments

Grasping at ‘thin air’: multimodal contact cues for reaching and grasping

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About