Physically and Chemically Cross‐Linked Poly{[(maleic anhydride)‐alt‐styrene]‐co‐(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid)}/Poly(ethylene glycol) Proton‐Exchange Membranes

Abstract

Novel proton exchange membranes were solvent‐cast from DMF solutions of the terpolymers poly[(MA‐alt‐S)‐co‐AMPS], containing hydrophobic phenyl and reactive hydrophilic carboxylic and organo‐sulfonic acid fragments with different compositions, and PEGs with different molecular weights and amounts. These membranes were formed as a result of physical (via H‐bonding) and chemical (via PEG) cross‐linking. The structures of membranes were confirmed by FT‐IR and 1H‐ and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Mechanical and thermal properties, swellability, and proton conductivity of these membranes were significantly affected both by the chemical composition of the terpolymers (mainly the AMPS content) and also the cross‐linker (PEG) molecular weight and content in the final form of the membranes. It was concluded that the membranes prepared by using the terpolymer with an AMPS content of 36.84 mol‐% and PEG with a molecular weight of 1 450 and with an initial PEG content of 30 wt.‐% are the most suitable ones for fuel cell applications.magnified image

Water Soluble Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

“…Effects due to the molecular weight and the amount of PEG incorporated on the membrane's properties include alterations to its mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and proton conductivity; these are discussed in (PMA-alt-PS)-co-PAMPS [48] and SPAEK systems [51]. A series of (PMA-alt-PS)-co-PAMPS crosslinked membranes using PEG with different molecular weights (M n = 200, 1450 and 4,000 g•mol −1 ) and amounts (20-40 wt%) have been prepared [48] (Table 4; 12). The resulting membrane' tensile strength slightly increased with decreasing PEG chain lengths-this chain length decrease also has the effect of making the membranes more rigid.…”

“…Polymers 2012, 4 920 stability without compromising proton conductivity or brittleness [47][48][49][50]. Compared to using rigid arylene polymers as crosslinkers, the crosslinked membranes with PEG become more flexible and show a greatly reduced water uptake and swelling ratio with only a slightly sacrifice in proton conductivity [51].…”

“…PEG is generally used as a crosslinker and has been introduced into several sulfonated polymer matrices, such as sulfonated polyimide (SPI) [47], poly [(maleic anhydride)-alt-styrene-co-(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)] (PMA-alt-PS)-co-PAMPS [48], sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone) (SPAEK) [51] and sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) [50], to improve the membrane's mechanical and hydrolytic stabilities while reducing methanol crossover without compromising proton conductivity and brittleness. (Figure 8 and Table 4; 11-14) Thus, Yang et al [47] prepared a series of crosslinked SPI/PEG membranes with various ratios of maleic anhydride SPI and PEG diacrylate as PEMs (Table 4; 11).…”

Synthesis and fabrication of high‐potent antimicrobial polymeric ultrathin coatings

“…[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] MA and AM were taken in equal molar ratio and copolymerized. [39][40][41][42][43] Similarly, the chemical shift at 41 δ and 68 δ is attributed to tertiary carbon of MA ( 1,4 C) and AM ( 6 C). The concentration of initiator (AIBN) was varied from 0.0001 to 0.001 M. The highest % yield was achieved at 0.0003 M of initiator (AIBN).…”

An eco-friendly ultra-high performance ionic artificial muscle based on poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) and carboxylated bacterial cellulose

“…The homogenous CBC dispersions having fascinating electrochemical properties can be fabricated by converting the aggregated BC fibers into individual ultrathin BC nanofibers using the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpylperidine-l-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation method. [30][31][32] However, the biocomposites based on PAMPS and CBC for high-performance ionic artificial muscle have not been investigated until now. However, the proposed CBC actuator still exhibited relatively low actuation performance and poor durability compared with other synthetic ionic polymer actuators, [22][23][24][25] which inspired us to further develop high-performance and durable CBC-based biocomposite actuators with superior electro-chemo-mechanical properties.…”