“… Low confidence | Serious concerns about methodological limitations, adequacy, and relevance. Moderate concerns about coherence | Theme 9: Use of PDMPs for risk management contributed to providers’ confidence in opioid prescribing and discontinuation |
| 33 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 58 | The use of PDMP, UDTs, and patient history were perceived as beneficial to decision making for opioid prescribing, better management of medications, and the prevention of opioid abuse and diversion | Moderate confidence | Moderate concerns about methodological limitations and coherence |
Mixed |
Theme 10: External policies and tools increased providers’ confidence in decisions to prescribe or discontinue opioids. Meanwhile, external pressures decreased willingness to prescribe |
10.1 Providers adopted a defensive stance when prescribing opioids | 33 , 34 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 52 | Most providers adopt a position of distrust, or a “defensive stance,” when entering a patient–provider relationship and prescribing opioids. |
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