Physico-chemical and microbiological profile of bacterial and fungal isolates of Ikpoba River in Benin City: Public health implications

Abstract

This study examined the physico-chemical and microbiological profile of bacterial and fungal isolates of Ikpoba River between February 2013 and March 2013. The mean bacterial count for upstream water sample obtained in February was 2 × 10 2 ±1 cfu/ml while 1.09 × 10 4 ±3.6 was the count for treated industrial effluent sample collected in March. The mean fungal counts for the downstream water sample in February was 2 ×10 2 ±1 cfu/ml while the count collected at the point of discharge of effluent into the river in March was 2.0 ×10 3 ±7 cfu/ml. There was a significant statistical difference observed in the mean bacterial and fungal counts (P<0.05). The total coliform counts recorded for samples obtained from downstream was 2 MPN/105 ml while 20 MP/ 105 ml was for sample collected at the point of effluent discharge respectively. Several bacterial and fungal genera were isolated from the River water samples. Water samples collected upstream and downstream points on the river were colorless while samples collected at the point of effluent discharge were light brown in color. The mean pH, turbidity and conductivity of the respective samples ranged from 5.63±0.05 to 6.78±0.05, 4.1±0.21 to 6.81±0.55 NTU and 3.3±0.25 to 73.3±6.56 µs/cm. The biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) varied from 2.6±0.5 to 305.19±43.2 mg/l, 5.5±0.3 to 6.1±0.6 mg/l and 15.8±0.6 to 883.8±28.5 mg/l respectively. The quality of Ikpoba River is being negatively impacted by the disposal of effluent as well as human activities around the area rendering the water unsafe for consumption.

Evaluation of Physico-Chemical and Fungal Species Associated with Oil Contaminated Soil from Selected Automobile Garage in Sokoto Metropolis

“…Organic matter 0.1-0.6 % while control was 0.34 %. This results is in line with other previous findings as in [14,20,22,23]. The results of particle soil analysis revealed high content of sandy soil (95.1 to 87.3).…”

“…Automobile workshops abound within Sokoto metropolis. This has resulted in the concomitant exposure of the surrounding soils within the vicinity of these workshops to high levels of spent crankcase engine oil and lubricating oils [4,23]. This study was conducted with the aim of isolating and identifying the fungal species from soils collected from three different auto mechanic workshops within Sokoto metropolis and evaluation of their physicochemical characteristics.…”

Anthropogenic Impacts on Water Quality of Kedong Stream in Idomi, Yakurr, Nigeria

“…It has rendered most of the water sources musky and odoriferous, not suitable for any beneficial use to man. Again, a review of available data shows that a few studies on water quality in streams and rivers have been conducted in recent years [2,5,10,11,12,14]. These findings, however, fall short of explaining the human influence on water quality in the study area.…”

“…In addition, the narrative of water contamination is as far back as the 19th century when water-borne diseases such as typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and the epidemic outbreak were reported in some countries due to organic pollution of streams by human waste and technological advancements [14,15]. Likewise, stream pollution is becoming a central issue in water management in most developing countries, particularly Nigeria.…”

Review of Drinking Water Quality in Nigeria: Towards Attaining the Sustainable Development Goal Six

“…There is need for urgent interventions to prevent water shortages, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria where significant reports of waterborne infections and diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid occur as a consequence of poor sanitation and poverty (Coleman et al, 2013;Igbinosa and Aighewi, 2017). Over 66 million Nigerians in the cities and rural areas lack access to potable drinking water supply, and this has resulted to an increase in the consumption of contaminated or polluted water (WHO, 2015;Ologbushere et al, 2016;Beshiru et al, 2018) with potential detrimental public health effects. Guidelines for quality of drinking water by WHO (WHO, 2011) recommended up to ten water treatment methods, which are chlorination, activated carbon adsorption, oxonation, chemical coagulation, filtration, aeration, ion exchange, chloramination, oxidation processes and membrane.…”