Physico-chemical boundaries of life

Stan‐Lotter, Helga

doi:10.1007/978-3-211-99691-1_1

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…[ 15 ]. Members of this phylum are well known for forming desiccation-resistant endospores, which likely contributes to their ability to withstand the hot and dry climate of deserts and the shear forces experienced in mobile dunes [ 66 ]. Their greater abundance in Qatari dunes is not surprising given Qatar’s more extreme conditions where air temperatures regularly exceed 55°C, annual precipitation averages only 76.4 mm (1972–2014), and winds regularly exceed 5–30 km/h [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Characterization of Qatari Barchan Sand Dunes

et al. 2016

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This study represents the first characterization of sand microbiota in migrating barchan sand dunes. Bacterial communities were studied through direct counts and cultivation, as well as 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequence analysis to gain an understanding of microbial abundance, diversity, and potential metabolic capabilities. Direct on-grain cell counts gave an average of 5.3 ± 0.4 x 105 cells g-1 of sand. Cultured isolates (N = 64) selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing belonged to the phyla Actinobacteria (58%), Firmicutes (27%) and Proteobacteria (15%). Deep-sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 18 dunes demonstrated a high relative abundance of Proteobacteria, particularly enteric bacteria, and a dune-specific-pattern of bacterial community composition that correlated with dune size. Shotgun metagenome sequences of two representative dunes were analyzed and found to have similar relative bacterial abundance, though the relative abundances of eukaryotic, viral and enterobacterial sequences were greater in sand from the dune closer to a camel-pen. Functional analysis revealed patterns similar to those observed in desert soils; however, the increased relative abundance of genes encoding sporulation and dormancy are consistent with the dune microbiome being well-adapted to the exceptionally hyper-arid Qatari desert.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Characterization of Qatari Barchan Sand Dunes

et al. 2016

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“…Chemical compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), etc . are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature [ 10 ]. Their release and accumulation into the environment create various health hazards to human beings [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of Potential Extremophiles for Bioremediation of Xenobiotics Compounds: A Biotechnological Approach

Shukla¹,

Singh

2020

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Microorganisms that are capable of live and adapt in hostile habitats of different environmental factors such as extremes temperature, salinity, nutrient availability and pressure are known as extremophiles. Exposure to xenobiotic compounds is global concern influencing the world population as a health hazard. Hence their removal is warranted using biological means that is very sustainable, potentially cost-effective and eco-friendly. Due to adaptation in extreme environments and unique defense mechanisms, they are receiving more attention for the bioremediation of the xenobiotic compounds. They possess robust enzymatic and biocatalytic systems that make them suitable for the effective removal of pollutants from the contaminated environment. Additionally, the extremophiles act as microfactories having specific genetic and biotechnological potential for the production of biomolecules. This mini review will provide an overview of microbial degradation metabolic pathways for bioremediation along with the molecular and physiological properties of diverse extremophiles from variety of habitats. Furthermore, the factors affecting the bioremediation process is also summarized.

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“…Sulfuric acidic hot springs have been reported worldwide, such as Yellowstone in USA and several springs in New Zealand, Italy (Stan-Lotter and Fendrihan, 2012). As representative acidophilic algae, we tested the red alga Galdieria sulphuraria 074G (Gross and Schnarrenberger, 1995) and the green alga Pseudochlorella sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of Acidophilic Algae Galdieria sulphuraria and Pseudochlorella sp. YKT1 in Media Derived from Acidic Hot Springs

Hirooka

Miyagishima

2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Microalgae possess a high potential for producing pigments, antioxidants, and lipophilic compounds for industrial applications. However, the cultivation of microalgae comes at a high cost. To reduce the cost, changes from a closed bioreactor to open pond system and from a synthetic medium to environmental or wastewater-based medium are being sought. However, the use of open pond systems is currently limited because of contamination by undesirable organisms. To overcome this issue, one strategy is to combine acidophilic algae and acidic drainage in which other organisms are unable to thrive. Here, we tested waters from sulfuric acidic hot springs (Tamagawa, pH 1.15 and Tsukahara, pH 1.14) in Japan for the cultivation of the red alga Galdieria sulphuraria 074G and the green alga Pseudochlorella sp. YKT1. Both of these spring waters are rich in phosphate (0.043 and 0.145 mM, respectively) compared to other environmental freshwater sources. Neither alga grew in the spring water but they grew very well when the waters were supplemented with an inorganic nitrogen source. The algal yields were ∼2.73 g dry weight/L for G. sulphuraria and ∼2.49 g dry weight/L for P. sp. YKT1, which were comparable to those in an autotrophic synthetic medium. P. sp. YKT1 grew in the spring waters supplemented either of NH4+, NO3- or urea, while G. sulphuraria grew only when NH4+ was supplemented. For P. sp. YKT1, the spring water was adjusted to pH 2.0, while for G. sulphuraria, no pH adjustment was required. In both cases, no additional pH-buffering compound was required. The phycocyanin of the thermophilic G. sulphuraria is known to be more thermostable than that from the Spirulina platensis currently used in phycocyanin production for commercial use. The phycocyanin content in G. sulphuraria in the Tsukahara water supplemented with NH4+ was 107.42 ± 1.81 μg/mg dry weight, which is comparable to the level in S. platensis (148.3 μg/mg dry weight). P. sp. YKT1 cells in the Tamagawa water supplemented with a nitrogen source formed a large amount of lipid droplets while maintaining cellular growth. These results indicate the potential of sulfuric hot spring waters for large-scale algal cultivation at a low cost.

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Physico-chemical boundaries of life

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Microbial Characterization of Qatari Barchan Sand Dunes

Microbial Characterization of Qatari Barchan Sand Dunes

Exploitation of Potential Extremophiles for Bioremediation of Xenobiotics Compounds: A Biotechnological Approach

Cultivation of Acidophilic Algae Galdieria sulphuraria and Pseudochlorella sp. YKT1 in Media Derived from Acidic Hot Springs

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