Physico–chemical Environment of Petroleum Reservoirs in Relation to Oil Recovery Systems

Wilson, L.A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-641750-0.50005-0

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Because chemical additives, such as surfactants and polymers, are sensitive to multivalent cations, exchange of hardness ions with reservoir rock is critically important to EOR processes. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] CEC's and isotherms of selected California sands are being studied using both column tests and static jar tests. Column tests, which use the techni~ue of frontal analysis, generally are accurate 2,13,14 and perhaps more representative of field application.…”

Section: Divalent Cation Exchange With Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Clays in the Enhanced Recovery of Petroleum From Some California Sands

Somerton¹,

Radke²

1983

Journal of Petroleum Technology

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Many oil-producing formations contain significant amounts of clay. Because of the large surface area and the high reactivity of such surfaces, the response of the formations to various recovery processes may be dominated by the reactions of the clays. Thus, the success or failure of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods may be controlled to a large extent by the amount and type of clays in the formations to which the methods are being applied.This paper evaluates the type and amounts of clays and chiy minerals present in typical oil-producing formations that may be candidates for application of EOR methods. After identification of the clay minerals present, tests are run on the extracted clay fractions to determine cationexchange capacities (CEC's) , surface areas, and chemical-loss characteristics. Flood tests are run on core samples to evaluate the magnitude of chemical loss and to note the change in flow characteristics while different fluids, which might be used in EOR operations, are flowed through the core. This background material is used to test predictive equations developed for screening reservoirs for EOR applications and for optimizing process variables. Techniques to counter the effects of rocklfluid interactions are considered.

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Section: Divalent Cation Exchange With Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Clays in the Enhanced Recovery of Petroleum From Some California Sands

Somerton¹,

Radke²

1983

Journal of Petroleum Technology

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“…Surfactant flooding is a widely employed technique to greatly improve the recovery of residual oil trapped in pore structures of reservoirs (Shah, ; Wilson, ; Zhang et al, ). Due to the amphiphilic structure, the surfactant can effectively reduce the water/oil interfacial tension (IFT) and change the formation wettability, which are the basic mechanisms of surfactant flooding in chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) (Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Divalent Salts on the Interfacial Activity of the Mixed Surfactants at the Water/Model Oil Interface

Jia

Han

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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In our previous report, the mixed cationic/anionic surfactant system consisting of N‐dodecyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bromide (L12) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed good interfacial tension (IFT) reduction of water/model oil (Vtoluene:V n‐decane = 1:1). In the present study, the effects of divalent salts (MgCl2 or CaCl2) on the interfacial activity were systematically evaluated. The additional Mg2+ ions greatly reduced the IFT to an ultralow value, whereas Ca2+ ions caused the generation of the precipitates and resulted in increased IFT values. The precipitates disappeared in binary divalent salt solutions, and the IFT values remained at a low level. Based on the valence, polarizability, and hydrated radius of the ions, we proposed a model to explain the abnormal changes. The effects of NaCl and temperature were investigated to further verify our proposed mechanism. Moreover, the additional divalent salts obviously enhanced the stability of L12/SDS stabilized emulsions.

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“…As a result, the efficiency of oil recovery will increase remarkably if the IFT value is lower than10 -2 mN/m (ultralow IFT). [1][2] It has long been known that the IFT is reduced between an acidic crude oil and an alkaline aqueous phase by the in situ produced soap through chemical reaction between petroleum acid and alkali. 3 A transient ultralow IFT value of crude oil can be easily obtained by adding alkali with adequate concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%