Physico-chemical properties and transboundary transport of PM2.5 in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Southeastern Vietnam

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the most concerning environmental issues, wherein PM 2.5 concentration plays an important role. This study monitored and evaluated the PM 2.5 concentration trends in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. Twenty 24-h PM 2.5 samples were continuously collected during the rainy (15 Oct. to 25 Oct. 2021) and dry (19 Mar. to 29 Mar. 2022) seasons. The PM 2.5 samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to determine the surface pattern and size distributions were analyzed using ImageJ software. The water-soluble fractions of 15 trace metal(oid)s concentrations (Al, Cu, Ni, K, Ca, Co, Mn, Cr, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Na, Fe, and Mg) bound to PM 2.5 were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the 24-h fine fraction PM 2.5 concentrations were 24.1 ± 12.2 μg/m 3 and 63.0 ± 18.7 μg/m 3 in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The results indicate that the size distributions of the particles of 2.0–2.5 μm are minor, and the majority are ultrafine particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm. Overall, the mass concentration level of the water-soluble fraction of trace metal(oid)s in PM 2.5 in the rainy season was higher than that in the dry season. Among these, Ca, K, and Na were the most abundant earth crustal elements in PM 2.5 in the rainy and dry seasons, accounting for 85% and 41.2% of the total trace element concentrations, respectively. The major sources of PM 2.5 are local and regional sources of thermal power plants, industrial parks, and waterborne transportation (domestic rivers and marine). The activities undertaken to remove Agent Orange (e.g., soil excavation, transportation, and rotary kiln incinerators) at the Bien Hoa airbase area also cause increases in the PM 2.5 level in the atmosphere of Bien Hoa City. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-24801-z.

Source identification and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in urban districts of Hanoi using PCA/APCS and UNMIX

“…This discrepancy could be probably due to the impacts of local sources at different sampling locations and the in uence of meteorological conditions during different sampling periods. While the concentrations of Cr, Ca, Al, Cu, K, Ni, and Na observed in Bien Hoa city(Linh et al 2023) were dramatically higher than the values we obtained, most of the remaining elements displayed the same order of magnitude. In general, a comparison with the concentrations of heavy metals measured found in other urban areas worldwide (Table.2) indicated higher pollution levels in Kolkata, India(Das et al.…”

Diversity and negative effect of PM0.3–10.0 adsorbed by needles of urban trees in Irkutsk, Russia

“…It should be noted that in urban test sites, the largest share among polluting suspended particles is taken by small particles (PM 0.3 , PM 0.5, PM 1.0 , PM 2.5 ), while the concentrations of PM 5.0 and PM 10 particles are not high, and in the background test site there are no such particles at all. Other authors also report higher concentrations of small particles in polluted urban air (Linh et al 2023;Vlasov et al 2023).…”

Characteristics of PM2.5 in Long Binh Industry Park, Bien Hoa City, Vietnam: Mass Concentrations, Chemical Composition, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment

“…Ở khu vực phía Nam nước ta, tỉnh Đồng Nai có những vùng ÔNKK cục bộ, điển hình là khu vực thành phố Biên Hòa (BHC) [4,5]. Một số nguồn thải được xem là nguyên nhân dẫn đến CLKK ở mức kém bao gồm nguồn địa phương (hoạt động giao thông, công nghiệp) và ảnh hưởng từ các nguồn ÔNKK vùng lân cận, trong đó có sự lan truyền chất ô nhiễm từ các khu vực sản xuất công nghiệp lớn như Bình Dương và thành phố Hồ Chí Minh [3][4][5]. Ở BHC, CLKK khu vực phường Long Bình có mức ô nhiễm cao, phần lớn do vấn đề hoạt động của các khu công nghiệp (KCN).…”

“…Gần đây, một số công trình nghiên cứu cũng đã công bố về nồng độ [3][4][5] và cấu trúc tỷ lệ cấp hạt của PM2.5 [4] tại vị trí gần sân bay Biên Hòa (phường Tân Phong) trên địa bàn BHC. Diễn biến nồng độ và thành phần các kim loại nặng (KLN) trong bụi PM2.5 tại phường Long Bình cũng đã được công bố [5].…”