Physico‐Chemical Properties of Phosphatidylglycerol in Membranes of <i>Acholeplasma laidlawii</i>

Bevers, Edouard M.; Kamp, J.A.F. Op den; Deenen, L.L.M. Van

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12138.x

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Protection against phospholipase A, action can also occur when the lipids are present in the highly ordered gel state as we have previously shown (20,21). Membranes of A. laidlawii grown on oleic acid do not show a gel-to liquid-crystallinephase transition in the temperature range from 0 to 4O"C, indicating that the lipids in this membrane are in the liquid-crystalline state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The significance of these boundary lipids in membrane function is suggested by studies which have shown that the activities of some membrane enzymes are dependent upon the presence of certain types of lipids (4,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) report, evidence is obtained by using phospholipase accessibility as the criterion to detect the existence of boundary lipids in Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. In A. laidlawii membranes, phosphatidylglycerol is one of the major lipids and can be hydrolyzed by exogenous phospholipase (20,21). Studies with pancreatic phospholipase A, have shown that the fatty acid composition of this phospholipid and the incubation temperature are important parameters which determine both the rate and the extent of hydrolysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Studies with pancreatic phospholipase A, have shown that the fatty acid composition of this phospholipid and the incubation temperature are important parameters which determine both the rate and the extent of hydrolysis. First of all, the extent of phosphatidylglycerol hydrolysis parallels the amount of membrane lipid which is in the liquid-crystalline phase (21). Second, in membranes in which all the lipids are in the liquid-crystalline phase, hydrolysis is strongly temperature-dependent (20 Zwaal.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the interaction between intrinsic proteins and phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of Acholeplasma laidlawii

Bevers

Wang

Kamp

et al. 1979

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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About 30% of the phosphatidylglycerol in oleic acid-enriched Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes are not hydrolyzed at temperatures below 10°C by phospholipase AS from porcine pancreas. Removal of 53% of the membrane proteins by proteolysis did not reduce the size of this inaccessible phosphatidylglycerol pool. However, modification of the membrane proteins with 2,4,6trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or glutaraldehyde did make an additional 70% of this protected pool of phosphatidylglycerol accessible to phospholipase A,. Complete hydrolysis of phosphatidylglycerol at low incubation temperatures was achieved only after heat treatment of the membranes which resulted in an extensive aggregation of intrinsic membrane proteins as visualized by freeze-etch electron microscopy. Phospholipase AZ from bee venom was more effective in hydrolyzing phosphatidylglycerol at low temperature than the pancreatic enzyme. These results show that the inaccessibility of phosphatidylglycerol is not due to resealing of isolated membranes, the presence of a crystalline phase in the membrane lipids, or a shielding effect of surface proteins. The protection against hydrolysis may be due to an interaction of phosphatidylglycerol with intrinsic membrane proteins which is stabilized at low temperatures.Increasing the temperature favors the exchange of protein-bound phosphatidylglycerol with other membrane lipids resulting in complete hydrolysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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On the interaction between intrinsic proteins and phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of Acholeplasma laidlawii

Bevers

Wang

Kamp

et al. 1979

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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“…It was not observed after direct insertion of the probe in the membrane (Dupou et al, 1988). In addition, a number of studies have indicated the presence of lipid pools which are inaccessible to phospholipases (Bevers et al, 1978). It has also been shown that exogenous lipids do not intermix freely with the major pool of endogenous lipids (D'Souza et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse and lateral distribution of phospholipids and glycolipids in the membrane of the bacterium Micrococcus luteus

Bony¹,

Lopez²,

Gilleron³

et al. 1989

Biochemistry

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The photodimerization of anthracene was used to investigate the transverse and lateral distribution of lipids in the membrane of the Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus. 9-(2-Anthryl)nonanoic acid (9-AN) is incorporated at a high rate into various membrane lipids of M. luteus. On irradiation of intact bacteria at 360 nm, anthracene-labeled lipids form stable photodimers which can be extracted and separated by thin-layer chromatography. We present here the results of a study on the distribution of two major lipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and dimannosyldiacylglycerol (DMDG), within each leaflet of the membrane lipid bilayer. After metabolic incorporation of a tritiated derivative of 9-AN in M. luteus, the radioactivity associated with the photodimers issued from PG and DMDG was counted. In the bacterial membrane, the ratio of PG-DMDG heterodimer with respect to PG-PG and DMDG-DMDG homodimers is around half of what should be obtained for a homogeneous mixture of the two lipids. In order to find out whether this was due to an asymmetric distribution of the two lipids between the two membrane leaflets or a heterogeneous distribution of the two lipids within the same membrane leaflet, the transverse distribution of PG and DMDG was also investigated. This was carried out by following the kinetics of oxidation of the two lipids by periodic acid in the membrane of M. luteus protoplasts. PG predominated slightly in the outer layer (60%), while DMDG was found to be symmetrically distributed between the two leaflets. By itself, this lipid asymmetry cannot account for the lipid distribution determined from the photodimerization experiments. This indicates that PG and DMDG are not homogeneously distributed in the plane of the bacterial membrane.

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“…Phosphatidylthioglycerol provides a means for conveniently determining the dynamics of phosphatidylglycerol in bilayer systems. The localization of phosphatidylglycerol has been investigated in the membrane of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Acholeplasma laidlawii by using combinations of lipid transfer proteins and phospholipases (Barsukov et al, 1976;Bevers et al, 1978) and in bacteriophage PM2 by reaction with sulfanilic acid diazonium salt (Schafer et al, 1974). Studies of the distribution of this lipid in unilamellar liposomes have been briefly reviewed by Lentz et al (1980), who used periodate oxidation followed by chemical determination of released formaldehyde to quantify accessible phosphatidylglycerol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmembrane movement of phosphatidylglycerol and diacylglycerol sulfhydryl analogs

Ganong¹,

Bell²

1984

Biochemistry

112

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Transmembrane movement of phospholipids is a fundamental step in the process of biological membrane assembly and intracellular lipid sorting. To facilitate study of transmembrane movement, we have synthesized analogues of phosphatidylglycerol and diacylglycerol in which a sulfhydryl group replaces a hydroxyl group in the polar head group. A rapid, continuous assay for the movement of phospholipids across single-walled lipid vesicles was developed that exploits the reactivity of these analogues toward 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), a nonpenetrating, colorimetric, sulfhydryl reagent. In the reaction of DTNB with vesicles containing phosphatidylthioglycerol, a phosphatidylglycerol analogue, two kinetic phases were seen, which represent the reaction of DTNB with phosphatidylthioglycerol in the outer and inner leaflets of the bilayer. Analysis of the slow second phase indicated that the half-time for phosphatidylthioglycerol transbilayer movement was in excess of 8 days. In a similar experiment using dioleoylthioglycerol, a diacylglycerol analogue, the reaction was complete within 15 s. The large difference in translocation rates between these two lipids indicates that the primary barrier to transmembrane movement is the polar head group and implies that phospholipid translocation events in biological membranes may not be unlike those for molecules similar to the polar head groups alone.

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Physico‐Chemical Properties of Phosphatidylglycerol in Membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

On the interaction between intrinsic proteins and phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of Acholeplasma laidlawii

On the interaction between intrinsic proteins and phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of Acholeplasma laidlawii

Transverse and lateral distribution of phospholipids and glycolipids in the membrane of the bacterium Micrococcus luteus

Transmembrane movement of phosphatidylglycerol and diacylglycerol sulfhydryl analogs

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