Chalcogenide nanoparticles
have become a very active field of research
for their optoelectronic and biological properties. This article shows
the production of tellurium dioxide nanoparticles (TeO
2
NPs) by pulsed laser ablation in liquids. The produced nanoparticles
were spherical with a diameter of around 70 nm. The energy band gap
of those nanoparticles was determined to be around 5.2 eV. Moreover,
TeO
2
NPs displayed a dose-dependent antibacterial effect
against antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as multidrug-resistant
Escherichia coli
(MDR
E. coli
) and methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MR
S. aureus
). The “naked”
nature of the nanoparticle surface helped to eradicate the antibiotic-resistant
bacteria at a very low concentration, with IC50 values of ∼4.3
± 0.9 and 3.7 ± 0.2 ppm for MDR
E. coli
and MR
S. aureus
, respectively, after
just 8 h of culture. Further, the IC50 values of the naked TeO
2
NPs against melanoma (skin cancer) and healthy fibroblasts
were 1.6 ± 0.7 and 5.5 ± 0.2 ppm, respectively, for up to
72 h. Finally, to understand these optimal antibacterial and anticancer
properties of the TeO
2
NPs, the reactive oxygen species
generated by the nanoparticles were measured. In summary, the present
in vitro results demonstrate much promise for the presently prepared
TeO
2
NPs and they should be studied for a wide range of
safe antibacterial and anticancer applications.