Physico-mechanical Properties of Basalt-based Brake Pad as Alternative to Ceramics Brake pad

Abstract

A basalt-based automobile brake pad was developed through optimization of the volume fractions and manufacturing parameters, a mathematical model was developed based on rule of mixture for the optimization of the volume fraction and the solution obtained using excel solver is as follow; basalt 38%, cast iron chips 26%, bronze 12%, glass fibre 12% and phenolic resin 12%. The manufacturing parameters were design using full factorial design of three levels and three factors, twenty-seven runs were obtained from the design, consequently twenty-seven samples were produced by compression moulding. The constituent materials were properly mixed to obtained homogeneous mixture and compressed into a mould with a cavity similar to the shape of the friction pad this was done at different moulding pressures of 30MPa, 27MPa and 24MPa, the curing temperatures were 1800C, 2000C and 2200C and the curing of 5minutes, 10minutes and 15 minutes as obtained from the factorial design. The samples produced were subjected to tests, the results showed that the basalt brake pad has the following properties; compressive strength of 137mPa, coefficient of friction 0.476, hardness 70HRB, density of 2768kg/m3 thermal conductivity of 0.66W/mK, water absorption of 0.377%, oil absorption of 0.25%, void content of 18.93%, wear rate of 9.0X10 -4g/m and the TGA result shows that the basalt-based brake pad is thermally stable up to a temperature of 5000C. The properties of the basalt-based brake pad are within the acceptable range and can satisfactorily substitute basalt.

Development of eco-friendly brake pads using industrial and agro-waste materials

“…The availability of materials such as seashells comes into question as compared with other readily available secondary waste such as PKS and CS. The question on the availability of materials also connects to the work of Gai Peter Friday et al [40] who developed different basalt-based brake pads with a compressive strength range of 70-137 MPa. Ige et al [35] developed a brake pad using maize husk and obtained a compressive strength value of 103 MPa which is within the recommended range of compressive strength.…”

“…The compressive strength of samples A-D in Tables 6, 7 [40], and Sekunowo et al [92]. The recommended range for brake materials is 70-125 MPa according to Sekunowo et al [92].…”

Characterization of eco‐friendly composites for automotive applications prepared by the compression molding method

“…Consequently, there is a rise in density. 42 Increasing the molding pressure results in a reduction in the thickness, since it leads to a decrease in porosity. 30,[43][44][45] Ertan et al 46 also obtained similar research results.…”

Recent progress in the research on natural composite brake pads: a comprehensive review

“…Ali et al [105] reported that natural composites with coconut fibres have better thermal stability at elevated temperature about 300°C. Recently, basalt fibre reinforced composites have been explored as high temperature stable reinforcements [111]. Thus, natural fibres have demonstrated that they can be a promising sustainable friction material for brake pads in the future.…”

“…Basalt fibres have demonstrated the desired better brake pad properties. Compared to ceramic brake pads, brake pads loaded with basalt fibres exhibited higher shear strength at the cost of compressive strength [111]. Further, Zhao et al [102] depicted that optimal content of basalt fibres as reinforcement is necessary to obtain desired mechanical properties of composite materials.…”