Physico-mechanical properties of coir fiber/LDPE composites: Effect of chemical treatment and compatibilizer

Prasad, Nirupama; Agarwal, Vijay K.; Sinha, Shishir

doi:10.1007/s11814-015-0069-z

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Figure shows SEM photomicrographs from the fracture surfaces of composites with raw, alkaline‐extracted, steam‐exploded, and KW‐treated fibers. The raw fiber composite [Figure (a)] showed a significant amount of fiber pullout with few fiber breaks, evidencing weak adhesion between fiber and matrix . Conversely, the alkaline extraction gave a lower fiber pullout and a higher number of fiber breaks, leading to a stronger interface [Figure (b)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alfa fiber/polypropylene composites: Influence of fiber extraction method and chemical treatments

Labidi

Cao

Zrida

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Alfa fiber/polypropylene composites were manufactured using twin‐screw extrusion. Fibers were extracted using alkaline and steam explosion methods. Three chemical treatments were also applied to the alkaline‐extracted fibers: stearic acid (SA), and potassium permanganate dissolved in water (KW) and in acetone (KA). Finally, thermal annealing was applied to the composites. The results indicate that composites with steam‐exploded fibers had a significantly higher melt flow index than composites with alkaline‐extracted fibers. Moreover, the incorporation of fibers into the matrix increased the Young's modulus, where the optimum results were obtained utilizing the alkaline‐extracted fibers. Both extraction methods also significantly decreased the water uptake, especially the steam explosion. The three chemical treatments increased the melt flow index and conversely decreased the tensile strength and Young's modulus. In addition, KW treatment decreased the water uptake. Finally, thermal annealing increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus of composites with SA‐treated fibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47392.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The raw fiber composite [ Figure 7(a)] showed a significant amount of fiber pullout with few fiber breaks, evidencing weak adhesion between fiber and matrix. 53 Conversely, . This finding is supported by the improvement in the tensile strength after alkaline extraction.…”

Section: Effect Of Thermal Annealing On Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alfa fiber/polypropylene composites: Influence of fiber extraction method and chemical treatments

Labidi

Cao

Zrida

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…8 The region at 2972-2815 cm −1 is attributed to C H elongation, while the band at 1734 and 1650 cm −1 are related to C O and C O vibrations of lignin or carboxylic acid 8,32 and the absorption band at 1230 cm −1 is associated with the C O stretching in acetyl group of lignin. 40 Also, the band at 1514 and 1455 cm −1 represents the C C stretching vibration in the benzene ring skeleton and the band at 1025 cm −1 is assigned with the C O, C C, C OH stretching vibration. 8,32,40,41 Figure 3(b) illustrates the physical structure of MN by XRD pattern, which presented semicrystalline structure composed of crystalline and amorphous components with characteristics peaks at 2θ = 16 corresponding to the overlapping of (101) and (110) lattice planes and 2θ =22 corresponding to (002) crystallographic plane of cellulose structure.…”

Section: Fiber Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach in Macadamia integrifolia residue based low‐density polyethylene composites on mechanical and thermal performance

Andrade

Silva

Cortat

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Macadamia nutshell residues are generated in large quantities, around 70%-77% for each ton produced, and it is a waste material with high technoeconomic potential. This work purpose a sustainable alternative to valorize macadamia nutshell residues (MN) as reinforcing in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites through melt mixing, using different fiber contents (0, 5, 10, and 20 wt%), and investigate the influence of fibers (residues) in composites by mechanical tests and thermal analysis. The fibers addition has significantly increased the composites' stiffness compared with neat LDPE, causing a reduction of toughness and resilience, leading to lower impact energy absorption. The LPDE/MN20% composite obtained the best tensile and flexural mechanical performance, resulting in a maximum modulus, which implies an increase of 36.9% and 77.6% compared with the neat LDPE. The addition of macadamia fibers on the composites acted as nucleation points of spherulites, which promoted an increase in the crystallization degree. Consequently, better performance of mechanical properties was observed in the green composites. Thus, the macadamia nutshell residues present a promising future as filler in LDPE for enhancing composites' thermal and mechanical properties. K E Y W O R D S biopolymers, mechanical properties, renewable polymers, thermal properties, thermoplastics 1 | INTRODUCTION Nutshells are often utilized in a relatively low-value application, such as, composts, mulches, fertilizers, and animal feed. 1 The unit operations involved in the separation of nut kernel from other nut parts can vary depending on the nut type. Still, there are common steps, such as, drying, extraction of the components, shelling, and separation process, giving the nut kernels and dry nutshell. 2 The agroindustrial crop's valorization is interesting for synthetic chemistry, perfumery, cosmetics, biomedicine, and energy industries. Some studies reported techno-economic valorization of nutshells residues, such as, macadamia, 3-9 pistachio, 10,11 pecan, 12-17 almond, 18 cashew, 19-21 cedar, 22 oak, 23 fox 24 for catalytic pyrolysis, wastewater treatment, bio-fillers in a polymeric matrix, microporous sorbents, preparation of carbonbased products, biochar, supercapacitor for powering electronic devices. Among the agroindustrial nutshell waste, macadamia nutshells are highlighted. Around 44,000 metric tons (kernel) are produced worldwide, 25,26 which generates

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“…Moreover, the hydroxyl groups on cellulose provide many possibilities for chemical modification of nanofiber surfaces useful in nanocomposite preparation [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Several researchers have reported on successful compatibilization and preparation of cellulose (nanofillers/ nanowhisker with native cellulose crystallinity) nanocomposites through surface modification by covalently bound hydrophobic groups, surfactant adsorption and direct dispersion from aqueous suspension using sol-gel technique and supercritical CO 2 drying [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, the manufacturing of cellulose nanocomposites with native cellulose (cellulose I) crystallinity is still a challenge due to inhomogeneous dispersion in hydrophobic polymer matrix as well as thermal instability of cellulose nanofillers above 200°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of tough foldable and transparent poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/nanoporous cellulose gel (NCG) nanocomposites

Borah¹,

Kim²

2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/nanoporous cellulose gel nanocomposites [P (St/BA)/NCG] were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of styrene/butyl acrylate (St/BA) monomer mixtures in nanoporous regenerated cellulose gels. The three-dimensional nanoporous cellulose gels (NCGs) were fabricated via dissolution and coagulation of cellulose from aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/urea solution. The NCG contents in nanocomposites were controlled between 16 and 44% v/v by changing water content of starting hydrogels via compression dewatering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the interconnected nanofibrillar network structure of NCGs was preserved well in the nanocomposites after insitu polymerization. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited excellent transparency (up to 82%) in the visible region and high mechanical strength, with a tensile strength of up to 56.0 MPa, Young's modulus of up to 2195 MPa and elongation at break up to 80.9%. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed a remarkable improvement (by over 3 orders of magnitude) in tensile storage modulus above glass transition temperature of the copolymer. The nanocomposites also showed significant improvements in thermal stability as well as water resistance over NCG.

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Physico-mechanical properties of coir fiber/LDPE composites: Effect of chemical treatment and compatibilizer

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Alfa fiber/polypropylene composites: Influence of fiber extraction method and chemical treatments

Alfa fiber/polypropylene composites: Influence of fiber extraction method and chemical treatments

Approach in Macadamia integrifolia residue based low‐density polyethylene composites on mechanical and thermal performance

Synthesis and characterization of tough foldable and transparent poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/nanoporous cellulose gel (NCG) nanocomposites

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