Physicochemical Analysis and Microbial Diversity of Yamuna Water and Industrial Effluents

Abstract

Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents. pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.

Analysis of Water Quality of River Ganga from Digha Ghat to Gai Ghat in Patna District, Bihar, India

“…The value of pH, Total Hardness, B.O.D, D.O, and MPN were Compared to Standard of B.I.S [11] . A similar study was carried out by Gupta et al [10] on river Yamuna and they reported high value of total hardness, B.O.D and Lower D.O level than the standard limits.…”

“…There is no any major industrial setup present along these 16 ghats. Industrial effluents contain cations (calcium, magnesium and sodium) which increase total hardness [10] . Absence of industry along above the ghats keeps hardness levels lower.…”

“…Absence of industry along above the ghats keeps hardness levels lower. The B.O.D value High values of this parameter indicate potential depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water body [10] . B.O.D values lower than the standard value (BIS) for all the sample of 16 ghats.…”

“…A similar result was reported by Arya et al [14] . Oxygen deficiency in the water bodies due to discharge of municipal waste, rich in organic compounds [10] . The D.O values for all 16 water samples were recorded lower than the permissible limit (6mg/L).…”

16SrRNA sequencing of dye decolorizing bacteria isolated from soil

“…However, risks of pollution of water and air have been highly increased. Previously, textile effluents have been considered as the most polluting among all in the industrial sectors by volume and composition of effluent [ 1 – 3 ]. Typically, textile effluents is characterized by high values of BOD, COD, color and pH [ 4 – 5 ].…”