Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Beeswax–Starch Food-Grade Nanoemulsions Incorporating Natural Antimicrobials

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are feasible delivery systems of lipophilic compounds, showing potential as edible coatings with enhanced functional properties. The aim of this work was to study the effect of emulsifier type (stearic acid (SA), Tween 80 (T80) or Tween 80/Span 60 (T80/S60)) and emulsification process (homogenization, ultrasound or microfluidization) on nanoemulsion formation based on oxidized corn starch, beeswax (BW) and natural antimicrobials (lauric arginate and natamycin). The response variables were physicochemical properties, rheological behavior, wettability and antimicrobial activity of BW–starch nanoemulsions (BW–SN). The BW–SN emulsified using T80 and microfluidized showed the lowest droplet size (77.6 ± 6.2 nm), a polydispersion index of 0.4 ± 0.0 and whiteness index (WI) of 31.8 ± 0.8. This BW–SN exhibited a more negative ζ-potential: −36 ± 4 mV, and Newtonian flow behavior, indicating great stability. BW–SN antimicrobial activity was not affected by microfluidization nor the presence of T80, showing inhibition of the deteriorative fungi R. stolonifer, C. gloeosporioides and B. cinerea, and the pathogenic bacterium S. Saintpaul. In addition, regardless of emulsifier type and emulsification process, BW–SN applied on the tomato surface exhibited low contact angles (38.5° to 48.6°), resulting in efficient wettability (−7.0 mN/m to −8.9 mN/m). These nanoemulsions may be useful to produce edible coatings to preserve fresh-produce quality and safety.

Nanoemulsions for health, food, and cosmetics: a review

“…Therefore, they have gained prominent attention in the scientific community. Recent uses of beeswax-starch, jujube gum, sodium caseinate, turmeric extract, linalool, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid, cumin seed oil, whey protein isolate, and oils like cinnamon, lemon and anise myrtle essential oils in nanoemulsion formulations (Arredondo-Ochoa et al 2017 ; Gharibzahedi and Mohammadnabi 2017 ; Nirmal et al 2018 ; Noori et al 2018 ; Prakash et al 2019 ; Zhang et al 2019 ; Park et al 2019 ; Farshi et al 2019 ; Pongsumpun et al 2020 ) have shown high potentials in the food industry and for the general well being. They can also deliver phytochemicals and other bioactive components in the food industry (Mahmood et al 2017 ).…”

Nutrición animal: Texto de formación universitaria

“…Son compuestos formados de un alcohol monohidroxílico de alto peso molecular esterificado con un ácido graso de cadena larga, de más de 24 carbonos; se presentan como cubiertas protectoras en los vegetales y animales; la lana y las plumas están protegidas por ceras. La cera de abeja tiene el palmitato de miricilo, un producto de color blanco cuando fresco, es una cera de grado alimenticio de uso como vehículo para medicamentos, medio de liberación lenta para medicamentos y como emulsión y base para cosméticos (Arredondo-Ochoa et al, 2017).…”

Rheological and Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan and Quinoa Protein Filmogenic Suspensions with Thyme and Rosemary Essential Oils

“…The mean particle diameter of FS was determined with a Zetasizer Nano-ZS laser diffractometer (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) at 633 nm and 25 • C, equipped with a backscatter detector [34].…”

“…Z potential (mV) was determined by phase analysis light scattering (PALS) with a Zetasizer Nano-ZS laser diffractometer (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK), which determines electrical charge at interface of droplets dispersed in aqueous phase [34].…”