Physicochemical and Binder Properties of Starch Obtained from Cyperus esculentus

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to isolate starch from the tubers of Cyperus esculentus L. and evaluate its physicochemical and binder properties. Extraction of starch using sodium metabisulfite yielded 37 g of starch per 100 g of the tubers. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that Cyperus starch consists of oval to elliptical particles with a smooth surface. Cyperus starch demonstrates a narrow particle size distribution with a mean of 8.25 μm. Cyperus starch conforms well to United States Pharmacopeia standards established for widely used starches like maize and potato. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern and moisture sorption profile of Cyperus starch were comparable to that of maize starch. Cyperus starch had lower swelling power than maize and potato starch, indicative of stronger associative forces within the granules. Carr's index and Hausner ratio indicate that Cyperus starch should have comparable flow properties with respect to maize and potato starch. Cyperus starch was employed as binder for the formulation of metronidazole tablets. Formulations containing 5%, 7.5%, and 10% Cyperus starch were compared with those containing 10% potato starch. At 10% binder concentration, the tablets containing Cyperus starch exhibited better hardness and negligible friability as compared with those with potato starch. Although the binder concentration had a significant effect on the disintegration time of the tablets, it did not seem to affect the dissolution profile. These results indicate that Cyperus starch provides excellent binding properties without compromising drug release characteristics and should be explored in pharmaceutical formulations.

Preparation and evaluation of carbopol coated maize starch: A novel multifunctional excipient

“…The poor friability of the ASA tablets prepared with Mst corroborate the low crushing strength of the tablets. Unmodified starch is not a favored direct compressible excipient because of its poor flow, compactibility, moisture and lubricant sensitivity (Manek et al 2012). The relative better compactibility impacted by CaPoL may be the reason for the higher crushing strength and nonfriable nature of the ASA tablets compared to that of Mst.…”

“…It is used in many conventional formulations as binder, diluents and disintegrant (Builders et al, 2013b;Manek et al 2012). Some good attributes that make starch attractive for drug delivery applications include biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, availability and relative easy modification potentials.…”

“…Some good attributes that make starch attractive for drug delivery applications include biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, availability and relative easy modification potentials. Though starches from different botanical sources are available, maize starch (Mst) is however, the most commonly used in conventional tablet production (Manek, 2012;Itiola, 1991;Odeku et al, 2005). Starch from different botanical sources has been modified by different techniques to enhance their intrinsic physicochemical and functional properties, thereby expanding their applications (Hauschild and Picker 2004).…”

Nutritional profiles of tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) plant organs during its growth cycle

“…High starch content of this plant provide unique functional properties (Manek et al, 2012), cold storage stabilities, and preserves organoleptic properties of foods . The tiger nut oil also has high monounsaturated fatty acids, similar to olive, avocado and hazelnut oil (Ezeh et al, 2014).…”

Cloning and characterization of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit gene in Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge)

“…The tubers of yellow nutsedge contain large amounts of storage nutrients, including starch (42%), oil (30%), sugar (20%), and protein (9%) (Linssen et al, 1989); therefore, yellow nutsedge could potentially become an ideal model to describe the carbon partition in non-seed tissues (Turesson et al, 2010). Previous studies on yellow nutsedge have mostly focused on the morphology (Wills et al, 1980) and cultivation (AyehKumi et al, 2014) of tubers, their application in food (Defelice, 2002), and biochemical analyses of the tubers (Turesson et al, 2010;Manek et al, 2012). In this study, we have reported the cloning and characterization of full-length cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of CeAGPS gene from yellow nutsedge.…”