Physicochemical and Luminescent Properties of Copolymers Composed of Three Monomers: Polythiophenes Based on 3-Hexylthiophene and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene

Abstract

The chemical synthesis and physicochemical and luminescent characterizations of polymers based on 3-HT, EDOT, and 2,2′-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl) bisthiophene (fluorene) or (E)-2-(ethyl(4-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)amino)ethyl 2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetate (TDR1) are reported. The fluorene unit was bound to the conjugate backbone, while the Disperse Red 1 (DR1) chromophore was present as a pendant group. Characterizations by 1H NMR, FT-IR, DSC-TGA, GPC, UV-vis, cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence quantum yield, excited state lifetime, and two-photon absorption cross-section were carried out. These polymers combined the physicochemical properties of EDOT and 3-HT, such as high electron density, high charge mobility, low oxidation potential, and good processability. The optical properties of these copolymers were highly dependent on the presence of EDOT, the molecular weight, and the regioregularity rather than the presence of the third component (fluorene or TDR1). The good nonlinear absorption and luminescent properties exhibited by these copolymers were exploited to fabricate nanoparticles used as fluorescent tags for the imaging of microstructures.

Nonlinear Optical Pigments. Two-Photon Absorption in Crosslinked Conjugated Polymers and Prospects for Remote Nonlinear Optical Thermometry

“…From the processing point of view, polymers and polymeric materials appear to be exceptionally versatile as well, as some of them can be prepared in the form of liquid solutions or dispersions but also can be readily processed as powders, fibers, and films, and some selected examples of them can be obtained as single crystals. Accordingly, favorable optical and physicochemical properties of polymers created a fertile niche for investigation of various aspects of their NLO properties, such as electro-optic phenomena, i.e., the linear electro-optic effect (Pockels effect) [15], the quadratic electro-optic effect (optical Kerr effect) [16][17][18], parametric energy conversion in second-harmonic [11][12][13][14][19][20][21] and third-harmonic generation [22][23][24][25][26] variants, and finally the two-photon absorption phenomenon (2PA) [26][27][28][29][30][31], which is at the focus of this paper.…”

Nonlinear plexcitons: excitons coupled with plasmons in two-photon absorption

“…The near-infrared TPA cross-section of PT is consistent with previous reports. 54–56 Fig. 4(b) shows the TPA spectrum of the acceptor material, and the inset is the one in the long-wavelength region.…”

Electrodeposition of strictly alpha,alpha’-polythiophene chains on oxidizable metals in acidic concentrated aqueous media

“…This phenomenon is explained by the slow kinetics diffusion of the doping anions through the film. Otherwise, this characteristic has been linked to the processes of reorganization of the polymer chains, accompanying the expulsion or inclusion of the anions during the doping-dedoping process [14].…”

“…Polythiophene (PT) and its derivatives are very promising conducting polymers due to their numerous remarkable properties such as environmental and thermal stability [1][2][3], high electrical conductivity [4][5][6] and interesting electronic and optical characteristics [7][8][9][10]. Thanks to these features, polythiophene offers several industrial applications in various fields, including electronic devices such as transistors [11][12][13], organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [14,15], photovoltaic cells [16][17][18][19], electrochromic devices [20,21] and sensors [22][23][24].…”