“…In Fig. 3 b and d, the peaks of Nd 3d appear at 982 eV and 1004.7 eV, which correspond to the Nd 3d 5/2 and Nd 3d 3/2 orbitals of Nd 3+ , respectively [ [23] , [24] , [25] ]. Fig.…”
“…In Fig. 3 b and d, the peaks of Nd 3d appear at 982 eV and 1004.7 eV, which correspond to the Nd 3d 5/2 and Nd 3d 3/2 orbitals of Nd 3+ , respectively [ [23] , [24] , [25] ]. Fig.…”
“…CeO 2 NPs can alter the adsorption and desorption properties of the materials containing them, directly influencing mass loss during sample heating. In materials with crystallised CeO 2 NPs, mass loss associated with dehydration may occur more intense than in materials without cerium dopants [43][44][45][46], as observed in Figure 6. At higher temperatures, the mass loss is similar for both samples, amounting to 2.84% for DBioSiO 2 and 2.62% for 10%Ce-DBioSiO 2 .…”
This study introduces a novel approach to synthesising a three-dimensional (3D) micro-nanostructured amorphous biosilica. The biosilica is coated with cerium oxide nanoparticles obtained from laboratory-grown unicellular photosynthetic algae (diatoms) doped metabolically with cerium. This unique method utilises the ability of diatom cells to absorb cerium metabolically and deposit it on their silica exoskeleton as cerium oxide nanoparticles. The resulting composite (Ce-DBioSiO2) combines the unique structural and photonic properties of diatom biosilica (DBioSiO2) with the functionality of immobilised CeO2 nanoparticles. The kinetics of the cerium metabolic insertion by diatom cells and the physicochemical properties of the obtained composites were thoroughly investigated. The resulting Ce-DBioSiO2 composite exhibits intense Stokes fluorescence in the violet–blue region under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and anti-Stokes intense violet and faint green emissions under the 800 nm near-infrared excitation with a xenon lamp at room temperature in an ambient atmosphere.
“…It can be seen that some oxygen has diffused from the MZO layer into the CdSeTe region, and the oxygen vacancies are likely to have been created in the MZO by diffusion occurring during the CdCl 2 activation treatment. However, oxygen vacancies make the oxide vulnerable to hydrolysis and the formation of hydroxides in a damp atmosphere [26]. Therefore, the formation of oxygen vacancies will make the device vulnerable to the degradation, which is observed in the J-V analysis and the PV parameters.…”
Section: Table I Summary Of C-v and Dlcp Measurements For The Device ...mentioning
Metastable behavior in highly efficient MZO/CdSeTe/ CdTe solar cells has been reported previously. Different preconditioning procedures have been studied that are used to recover the performance of the devices. 11 wt% of MgO content in the MZO layer has shown to give optimized photovoltaic parameters in the device compared to other MZO compositions. J-V characteristics before preconditioning of the devices with higher MgO content show an "S" shaped behavior, which is removed during preconditioning. However, this recovery remained only for 3 days while the devices were stored under vacuum in the dark. Temperaturedependent J-V and capacitance measurements before and after preconditioning revealed the presence of recombination centers and defect levels at the MZO/absorber interface. Previous studies have shown degradation of MZO occurring if the layer is exposed to ambient atmosphere. Hall effect measurements on the MZO films showed no significant changes after any preconditioning or CdCl 2 treatment. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry images show diffusion of oxygen from the MZO layer into the CdSeTe region after CdCl 2 treatments. This likely enables the MZO to function as a buffer layer since it will increase the carrier concentration due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. As-deposited MZO thin films are insulating. However, the oxygen vacancies in the MZO layer also increase its reactivity and instability.
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