Physicochemical and Microbiological Variations in Rivers on the Foothills of Mount Meru, Tanzania

Kitalika, Aldo J.; Machunda, Revocatus L.; Komakech, Hans C.; Njau, Karoli N.

doi:10.14299/ijser.2017.09.005

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fluorine is the most electronegative element, having a Pauling Scale electronegativity of 3.98, making it extremely reactive. As a result of this feature, the element is found in the environment in various forms of mineral salts rather than in its pure form [65]. Fluoride intake of more than 1.5 mg/L from food and/or drinking water, according to WHO, and 4.0 mg/L according to Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS), has been linked to skeletal malformations such as dental fluorosis and enlargement of the skull, as well as changes in several physiological activities in the body [66].…”

Section: Removal Of Fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Canna indica in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Karungamye

2022

Conservation

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This article reviews investigations in which Canna indica was utilized in constructed wetlands (CW) for wastewater treatment of a variety types. It is strongly urged that ornamental flowering plants be used in CWs as monoculture or mixed species to improve the appearance of CWs whilst still treating wastewater. Plants play important roles in CWs by giving the conditions for physical filtration of wastewater, a large specific surface area for microbial growth, and a source of carbohydrates for bacteria. They absorb nutrients and integrate them into plant tissues. They release oxygen into the substrate, establishing a zone in which aerobic microorganisms can thrive and chemical oxidation can occur. They also provide wildlife habitat and make wastewater treatment system more visually attractive. The selection of plant species for CW is an important aspect during the CW design process. Canna indica’s effectiveness in CWs has shown encouraging results for eliminating contaminants from wastewater. There is still a scarcity of information on the mechanisms involved in removal of specific contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, pesticides and steroids and their potential toxicity to the plants. Therefore, this paper reviews some published information about the performance of Canna indica in wastewater treatment, as well as potential areas for future research.

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Section: Removal Of Fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Canna indica in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Karungamye

2022

Conservation

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“…The floodplain (downstream) region is characterized by bare land, intensive grazing, large scale agriculture, treated municipal sewage disposal and serious flooding in wet season. 44…”

Section: Description Of Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-Use and Land Cover Changes on the Slopes of Mount Meru-Tanzania

Kitalika

Machunda

Komakech

et al. 2018

Curr. World Environ

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The study of spatial land use and land change is inevitable for sustainable development of land use plans. Environmental transitions analysis was done in part of the land on the slopes of the foothills of Mount Meru in thirty (30) years’ time from 1986 to 2016 using satellite-derived land use/cover maps and a Cellular Automata (CA) spatial filter under IDRISI software environment and assessed the important land use changes. Also, the future land use for 2026 which is the next ten (10) years was simulated based on Cellular-Automata Markov model. The results showed significant land use transitions whereby there is a huge land use change of bush land (BL) and agriculture land (AG) into human settlement (ST) which resulted into conversion of Arusha town into a City. In addition, the changes have caused slight changes in water bodies into mixed forest. Moreover, the future land use/land cover (LULC) simulations indicated that there will be unsustainable LULC changes in the next ten years since most of bush land and part of agriculture land will be used for building different structures thus interfering with fresh water and food availability in the City. These changes call upon the relevant planning authorities to put in place the best strategies for good urban development.

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“…Furthermore, the presence of FC in the downstream with human inhabitants can be due to transport of feces from animals in the pristine environment and open defecation of people along the river. Studies show that FC is common on surface water of Arusha City and Arumeru Districts in which two studies reported more than 100 FCU/100 mL of water (Lyimo et al, 2016;Kitalika et al, 2017). However, the presence of high TP can be of geological reason due to the nature of surrounding rocks.…”

Section: Water Quality Index By Nsf Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catchment area of the river (headwater) is characterized by both artificial coniferous trees and mixed natural forest conservation; middle area of the river consists of mixed agriculture and urban settlement. The floodplain (downstream) region is characterized by bare land, intensive grazing, large scale agriculture, treated municipal sewage disposal and serious flooding in wet season (Kitalika et al, 2017).…”

Section: Description Of Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Land use change and temporal water quality dynamics on the slopes of mount Meru

Kitalika

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This work reports on the results obtained following the study on the land use change and temporal water quality change in rivers of the slopes of Mount Meru in Northern Tanzania between 2015 and 2016. Satellite images collected from United States Geological Survey (USGS) were used to model the land use change using ArcGIS and IDRISI software. Also, 419 water samples and two (2) rocks samples were collected from various geo-referenced points and assessed for sixteen (16) water quality changes using standard methods for water and wastewater from American Public and Health Association (APHA). The stable isotope studies were done at the University of Waterloo stable isotopes laboratory using the Los Gatos Research Laser processes analyzer with Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (LGRICOS™). The study showed significant land use changes in the area in every ten (10) years over a period of thirty (30) years such that, there is an increase in human settlement from 74.2 km 2 (1986) to 261.2 km 2 (2016), decrease in agricultural land from 545.8 km 2 to 531.5 km 2 (2016). Also, in similar years the bush-land decreased from 372.3 km 2 (1986) to 158.4 km 2 (2016) in favour of increase of settlement. Moreover, the mixed forest were improved from 139.7 km 2 (1986) to 116.0 km 2 (2016) whereas the water bodies decreased significantly from 14.0 km 2 (1986) to 4.2 km 2 (2016). In addition, the water quality in rivers deteriorated due to increased human activities, poor performing Wastewater Treatment Systems (WTS) which discharge its effluents in rivers, and bad agricultural practices. Few sampling points in rivers had Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), NO 3  and Total Soluble Phosphate (TSP) levels higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standards of 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Fluoride contamination in Themi, Nduruma and Tengeru Rivers were within the WHO and Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) maximum acceptable limits of 1.5 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L, respectively. Maji ya Chai River showed the highest levels of fluorides and dissolved organic matter of up to 69.01 ± 0.03 mg/L and 10 ± 0.2 mg/L, respectively, which are higher than the WHO standards. The study confirmed the main source of fluorides in water is rocks containing fluoride in which its leaching is favoured in alkaline environment. Also the stable isotopes studies revealed the origin of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) were plant materials and soil composites whereas NO 3  originated from wastewater, urea fertilizers, and animal manures. The major sources for coloured dissolved organic matter and fluoride contents in Maji ya Chai River were discovered at Kirurumu hill (M1) and Jamera (M2), respectively.

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Physicochemical and Microbiological Variations in Rivers on the Foothills of Mount Meru, Tanzania

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Potential of Canna indica in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Potential of Canna indica in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Land-Use and Land Cover Changes on the Slopes of Mount Meru-Tanzania

Land use change and temporal water quality dynamics on the slopes of mount Meru

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