Physicochemical and protein characterization of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L) seed

Abstract

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L) is native to Latin America and has spread out worldwide, thus having a high level of diversity. The lima bean seed from a specific region might have different characteristics from others. This study was aimed to characterize the physicochemical and protein of the dry seed of lima bean from Indonesia based on its solubility, electrophoretic pattern, and amino acid profile. The result showed that carbohydrate (68.89±1.55%) was the major component, with starch (41.96±1.10%) as the predominant. The amylopectin was higher than amylose. Dietary fibre (27.87±0.37%) was significant and dominated by insoluble one (25.47±0.32%). The fat content (1.15±0.04%) was low and ash (3.67±0.47%) comprised of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and iron with the content of 184, 75, 38, 11, and 10 mg/100 g, respectively. Total phenolic compounds of this seed were 1.29±0.02 mg/g, phytic acid 11.57±0.03 mg/g, saponins 16.84±0.42 mg/g, and trypsin inhibitors 36.07±0.11 TIU/g. HCN was found significantly at 30.99±0.29 ppm. Oligosaccharides were 5.93±0.29% that comprised of raffinose 1.22±0.08% and stachyose 4.61±0.21%. Protein content was moderate (15.93±0.55%) that comprised of albumin 18.47±0.62%, globulin 56.20±2.00%, prolamin 3.14±0.20%, and glutelin 22.69±1.60%. The molecular weight of this protein was 10-141 kDa with 12 polypeptides. Globulin had 12 polypeptides of 10 to 124 kDa. Albumin had 18 to 116 kDa molecular weights, while glutelin had six polypeptides of 13 to 109 kDa. Prolamin did not have visible polypeptides. Lysine, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were the primary essential amino acids with high lysine but low methionine and cysteine. In conclusion, lima bean seed is a source of carbohydrates and minerals, with a moderate protein content dominated by the globulin. The polypeptide profile of lima bean seed is varied depending on the protein fractions. The occurrence of antinutrition might hinder its utilization as a protein source. HCN as a toxicant should be removed to obtain a safe seed for consumption.

Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Contents in Grains of Phaseolus lunatus L. and P. coccineus L. Landraces

“…In this study, P. lunatus presented similar contents of Fe and Zn as P. coccineus and P. vulgaris, but the concentrations of the other six mineral elements were significantly lower in P. lunatus (Table 4). However, the values of K and P observed for P. lunatus were higher than those observed by Palupi et al (2022), Jayalaxmi et al (2016) and Seidu et al (2015) and the values of P were similar to those reported by Giami (2006) for the same species, although methodological differences may have influenced these results. The species analyzed showed that the variation due to genotype and growth environment or crop location has a significant effect on the grain composition, as was reported for P. vulgaris (Bulyaba et al, 2020;Ribeiro and Maziero, 2022).…”

“…Zn and Fe are essential mineral elements for human health and were exceptionally high in the PL-005 and PL-014 populations of P. lunatus, the PC-022 population of P. coccineus and the PV-003 population of the control species P. vulgaris, with 3.88 to 4.49 and 5.62 to 7.38 mg 100 g -1 Zn and Fe, respectively (Table 5). These values are lower than the Fe content reported by Seidu et al (2015) and Palupi et al (2022) in P. lunatus but within the ranges of Fe and Zn in P. vulgaris reported by Herrera-Hernández et al (2018).…”

“…vulgaris has received widespread attention for its bioactive and nutritional compounds and antioxidant activity (Alcázar-Valle et al, 2021). Previous studies have focused mainly on improved varieties of P. vulgaris, followed by P. coccineus (Quiroz-Sodi et al, 2018) and finally P. lunatus (Seidu et al, 2015;Palupi et al, 2022). Therefore, evaluating the variation in bioactive compounds and nutritionalnutraceutical content of Phaseolus seeds will help guide genetic improvement programs by providing nutritional assessments.…”

Protein Hydrolysate from Underutilized Legumes: Unleashing the Potential for Future Functional Foods

“…Intorasoot (2013) discovered that amino acids with positive charges, such as histidine and lysine, are among those that can inhibit microorganisms. Methionine and cysteine, on the other hand, are present in small amounts in pulse proteins ( Palupi et al, 2022 ). Table 4 presents amino acid composition of protein hydrolysate from various legumes.…”

Selection signatures and population dynamics of transposable elements in Lima bean

“…Wild populations of both species are distributed from Mexico to Argentina, presenting a wide range of ecological adaptations. For this reason, it is considered a promising crop to improve food security in predicted scenarios of climate change (Martínez-Reina et al, 2021, Palupi et al, 2022. Four P. lunatus wild gene pools have been defined: two Mesoamerican (MI and MII) and two Andean (AI, AII) (Chacon-Sanchez et al, 2017, Garcia et al, 2021.…”