Mozambique, located on the east coast of Africa, is a developing country with great potential in terms of the availability of agroecological resources. In this country, apiculture does not play an important social, economic or environmental role but it has potential to increase the sustainability of poor rural communities. North and Central regions of Mozambique enjoy a favourable climate and have sufficient natural resources, particularly vast forest areas rich in melliferous flora ideal for beekeeping. In Mozambique, beekeeping could be an attractive income generating activity that can be exploited by smallholder farmers even women of rural populations. There is no doubt that beekeeping can help generate social change and play an important role in society while creating sustainable livelihoods. In the last years, the world market has been demanding differentiated agro-alimentary products with specific characteristics based on the following criteria: botanical or geographical origin, quality and safety, specific organoleptic or nutritional properties, among others. For this reason, is interesting to expand the knowledge about apiculture products from Mozambique, especially related to quality indicators. Advertising could attract the attention of local authorities in charge of the national regulation of this product. This will facilitate its quality control, thus promoting the commercialization in local and international markets and to support and further develop apiculture. Therefore, the objective of this doctoral thesis is to characterize honey and beeswax of four provinces of Mozambique: Nampula (located in the North) and Manica, Sofala and Zambezia (in the Center), and establish their differentiating characteristics, along with providing knowledge of these bee products as a basis for better exploitation and marketing. In general, all the physicochemical parameters analysed in the honey samples were in agreement with the international regulations. In most cases, they dealt with honeydew honey since they were dark and with conductivity values above 0.800 mS/cm. Flora that surrounds the hives, and the apicultural practices influence in the variability of their physicochemical quality parameters, colour, sugars, total antioxidants, pollen analysis and volatile profile. According to a similar pollen spectrum, eight types of honey were found. In these, the predominant pollens were: I-Astragalus type; II-Acanthus sp.