“…Another drawback is the restricted concentration level (around 30 Brix) because of the limitation in applicable pressure. To improve this, osmotic evaporation has been proposed (Barbe et al, 1998;Cassano et al, 2003;Jiao et al, 2004;Vaillant et al, 2005;Cisse et al, 2011;Aguiar et al, 2012). In this method, the driving force is the transmembrane vapor pressure difference between the sample and the stripping solution, which causes the vapor transfer from the sample to be concentrated to the stripping solution through a membrane.…”