Physicochemical Characteristics of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Oil: Effect of Extraction Procedure

Abstract

Garlic oil (GO) is behaves as a nutraceutical compound; however, its application is limited due to its pungency, undesirable aroma, low stability and solubility. The physicochemical properties of GO are certainly key parameters in the encapsulation process. Therefore, the aim of the current work was to study the effect of different extraction procedures such as solvent extraction, distillation method and supercritical fluid extraction (SCF) on the physicochemical properties of garlic oil. The yield of GO was influenced by extraction method and was approximately 5.5, 6 and 7% for steam distillation, solvent methods and SCF-Co 2 , respectively. The specific gravity was obtained as 0.894 g/cm 3 and independent to the extraction method, while the viscosity was changed and more viscosity was obtained by SCF-Co 2 . The chemical analyses revealed 2.5 as the acid value, 1.27 for free fatty acids, 1.8 as the saponificacation value and 14.5 as the iodine value of GO by SCF-Co 2 .The results showed that the SCF-Co 2 had minor quality and nutritional loss on the GO, and could be applied for special purposes such as encapsulation of garlic oil.

Extraction and characterization of essential oil of garlic (Allium sativa L.)

“…These parameters can be ideal one to obtain the maximum yield at a commercial level. Thus, in the present study much higher oil yield was obtained compare to that reported by Ali Rafe et al 2014 [33] . They found that maximum yield were 5.5, 6 and 7% for steam distillation, solvent method and SCF-CO₂, respectively.…”

Methods of Isolation of Active Substances from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Its Impact on the Composition and Biological Properties of Garlic Extracts

“…As reported by Dehariya et al, garlic oil is rich in DADS (48.42%), allyl-methyl trisulfide (7.27%), trisulfide, di-2-propenyl (3.46%), and DAS (7.64%) [ 58 ]. Rafe et al studied the effect of the extraction procedure and solvent type on the physicochemical properties of garlic oil that can facilitate the encapsulation process [ 23 ]. The yield of garlic oil extraction expressed as the volume of oil after evaporation of the solvent was dependent on the extraction method used, with the highest result of 7.00% for supercritical fluid extraction (SCF).…”

“…The specific gravity of garlic oils, which is important for commercial feasibility, was also checked, but the method showed no effect on its value (0.894 g/cm 3 ). The higher efficiency achieved by SCF compared to solvent extraction and steam distillation may be related to better transport properties, such as diffusivity, mass transfer coefficient, and penetration capacity [ 23 ].…”

Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb and Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L. var. Porrum) Leaf Oil Extracts

“…The experimental data (Supplementary Tables S1 , S2 , and S3 ) were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using ProcGLM and least significance difference (LSD) t -test programs of SAS version 9.2 [ 24 ] to investigate the statistical significance between different oil quality parameters. Differences between means were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.…”