Physicochemical Characterization and Polyphenolic Content of Beninese Honeys

Abstract

The physicochemical and phytochemical analyses of honeys (n = 50) from Sudanese, Sudano-Guinean, and Guinean areas of Benin were investigated. Results showed that dark amber is the dominant color. Moisture content ranged from 15.50% to 23.50%, and 72% of honeys respected the Codex Alimentarius recommendation. pH varied between 2.87 and 6.15, and free acidity ranged from 9.00 to 39.00 meq/kg. Electrical conductivity varied from 0.37 to 1.43 mS/cm. The content in fructose varied from 21.67% to 94.21%, and proline content ranged between 306.31 and 1187.93 mg/kg. All physicochemical characteristics varied with the areas. A negative correlation was found between pH and moisture content (r = −0.55; p < 0.01). A positive correlation was established between pH and conductivity (r = 0.79; p < 0.01) and between proline and color (r = 0.44; p < 0.01). Total phenolic content varied between 55.97 and 224.99 mg GAE/100 g, and flavonoid content ranged between 1.43 and 29.81 mg CAE/100 g. Flavonoid was positively correlated with color (r = 0.78; p < 0.01) and proline (r = 0.47; p < 0.01). Tukey's test revealed differences between total phenolic and flavonoid contents of honeys from five areas (p < 0.01). In general, Sudanese and Sudano-Guinean honeys showed potential toward therapeutic applications because of their high phenolic contents.

Comparative study of physio-chemical analysis of fresh and branded honeys from Pakistan

“…The average pH values of fresh and branded honey ranged from 4.35 to 7.05 and 4.6 to 5.35. Azonwade et al, 2018, Lokossou et al, 2017 reported pH of 5.08 and 5.00–5.48 respectively, showing almost the same range as found in the present research. However, Laredj and Waffa, 2017, Mohammed et al, 2017 recorded acidic pH values (4.17 and 4.20) in Algerian and Saudi honeys lower than present pH.…”

“…However, Laredj and Waffa, 2017, Mohammed et al, 2017 recorded acidic pH values (4.17 and 4.20) in Algerian and Saudi honeys lower than present pH. In the same way EC ranges obtained by Bousaid et al (2018) (0.39–0.89 mS/cm), Lokossou et al (2017) (0.37–1.43 mS/cm) and Guler et al (2017) (0.250–0.90 mS/cm) in Tunasian honey, Beninese and Turkish honeys were more or less same as found in fresh (0.11–0.61 mS/cm) and branded (0.17–0.23 mS/cm) honey samples. The resulted variation in EC depends on the different floral origins of honeys.…”

Ethnopharmacological Survey and Comparative Study of the Healing Activity of Moroccan Thyme Honey and Its Mixture with Selected Essential Oils on Two Types of Wounds on Albino Rabbits

“…The samples varied in pH from 4.11 to 4.67, showing almost the same range as recorded by Laredj et al [39] and Elimam et al [66]. In the same way, electrical conductivity ranges obtained by Boussaid et al [67] (0.39-0.89 mS/cm), Lokossou et al [68] (0.37-1.43 mS/cm), and Guler et al [69] (0.250-0.90 mS/cm) in Tunisian, Beninese, and Turkish honey had more or less identical results to those found in our thyme honey samples (0.73-0.87 mS/cm).…”

Relationships between the Content of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Polish Honey Varieties as a Tool for Botanical Discrimination

“…A lower range has been reported for honey from Slovenia (44.8–241.4 mg/kg) [ 4 ], Romania (120.0–260.5 mg/kg) [ 25 ], Italy (108.2–146.7 mg/kg) [ 26 ] and Portugal (198.5–214.3 mg/kg) [ 27 ]. Higher content was found in honey from Spain (339–1542 mg/kg) [ 28 ], Brazil (611.1–1753.9 mg/kg) [ 29 ], Italy (165–1333 mg/kg) [ 30 ], Sudan (559.7 and 2249.9 mg/kg) [ 31 ] and Turkey (343.7 and 4707 mg/kg) [ 32 ]. In Spanish honeys, as many as 49 phenolic compounds were detected, of which 46 were quantified [ 5 ].…”

“…The world literature also reports varied total flavonoid content in honey from different countries. In honey from Sudan, the concentrations of these compounds ranged from 14.3 to 298.1 mg GAE/kg [ 31 ], and in Romanian honey from 10.8 to 32 mg QE/kg [ 25 ]. These ranges are comparable to those obtained in the present study.…”