Physicochemical Characterization of Cattle Dung Fibre Under the Hydrothermal Process

Abstract

Cattle dung fibre is a lignocellulosic material abundant and sustainable non-wood source of polymeric components, which can be converted into high added-value products. Hydrothermal treatment of the fibre obtained from cow dung was explored using four different temperatures (120, 140, 160 and 180 ◦C) and incubation times (0 and 120 minutes) at a fixed material to water ratio (1:10). The present study resulted in the highest yield of 94% (w/w) that gradually decreased with temperature and incubation time. The physicochemical analysis revealed that hydrothermal treatment resulted in high cellulose, low lignin, and ash content (51.6%, 30.93%, and 6.3%, respectively) at 160◦C for 2 hr incubation time and was appropriate for pulp and paper production. The SEM and X-ray crystallography indicates the treatment resulted in separated fibrils and a porous structure. Both FTIR studies and chemical characterisation techniques were used to optimize the temperature and duration of hydrothermal treatment. Overall, the study presents the first report on the extraction of fibres from cow dung and their hydrothermal treatment. In perspective, it is possible to achieve the properties required for its industrial-scale conversion to eco-friendly papers by heating the fibre under controlled conditions.

Application of frass from black soldier fly larvae treatment of cattle dung in pulp and papermaking

“…The comparison of the frass and the other fiber materials' chemical compositions is shown in Table 2 . The nonwood fibers ( Pennisetum alopecuroides 30 , cornstalk 31 , rice straw 32 and wheat straw 17 ) in Table 2 have been recorded in the application of pulping and cattle raising. According to the study's results, it was found that the holocellulose and α-cellulose content in the frass is higher, while the acid-insoluble lignin content is lower.…”

“…2 includes two variables. The digestion time (X 1 ) is set at a high level (+ 1) of 90 min and a low level (− 1) of 60 min, which is also set according to the traditional chemical pulping temperature 23 , while the NaOH dosage (X 2 ) is set at a high level (+ 1) of 14% and a low level (-1) of 0%, which the high level is set according to pulping conditions of Napier grass and the low level is set according to Fasake et al 17 . These conditions result in four factorial points, each representing one experiment.…”

“…in the pulp and papermaking industry. Furthermore, Fasake et al 17 subjected the CDF to hot water treatment at temperatures ranging from 120°C to 180°C and analyzed the yield, chemical compositions, and physical changes. Yang et al 18 treated CDF with hot water, 5 wt% H 2 O 2 , 5 wt% NaOH, and 5 wt% KOH at 90 °C for 2 h each to extract cellulose and create the handsheets for property analysis.…”

Application of Frass from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Cattle Dung in Pulp and Papermaking

“…in the pulp and papermaking industry. Furthermore, Fasake et al (2021) [17] subject the CDF to hot water treatment at temperatures ranging from 120°C to 180°C and analyze the yield, chemical compositions, and physical changes. The result indicates that hot water treatment can remove the lignin of CDF e ciently and degrade the hemicellulose, which causes the crack and pores structure exhibited on the CDF surface.…”