Physicochemical evaluation of seed and sed oil of corozo ( <i>Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.</i>)

Abstract

Evaluación fisico-química de la semilla y del aceite de corozo (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.).El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar algunas caracterís-ticas físicas y químicas de la semilla y del aceite crudo extraído de la semilla del fruto de corozo (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.), una palmera silvestre distribuida en Centroamérica y Sudamérica. A un lote se semillas obtenidas de frutos maduros procedentes de la población de "El Chaparro", estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela, cosechados en Marzo 2003, se le separó el pericarpio y el endospermo. El endospermo fue transformado en harina, mediante molienda y tamizado (apertura 425 µm), y a ésta se le extrajo el aceite con n-hexano. A la semilla entera se le determinó la masa promedio (9,67 ± 0,32; P<0,05) y la proporción de pericarpio (75,39 %) y endospermo (24,61 %). A la harina del endospermo de le determinó la composición proximal, presentando niveles importantes de grasa (53,13 %), proteína (13,75 %) y fibra cruda (25,82 %). El aceite crudo de corozo presentó baja acidez libre (0,40 %, expresada como ácido oleico) y alta resistencia a la oxidación (no se detectó peróxidos y el índice de estabilidad OSI fue de 100 h); sus índices de yodo y saponificación fueron 29,87 cg I/g y 205 mg KOH/g, respectivamente. La composición en ácidos grasos, determinada mediante cromatografía de gas, mostró mayor proporción de ácidos saturados (79,6%), siendo el ácido láurico el de mayor concentración. La semilla de corozo es un recurso oleaginoso que puede ser útil para la industria aceitera venezolana.PALABRAS-CLAVE: Aceites lauricos -Acrocomia -Oleaginosas -Palmaceae. SUMMARYPhysicochemical evaluation of seed and seed oil of corozo (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.).In this research, physicochemical characteristics of the seed and seed oil of corozo (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.), a wild palm from Central and South America, were evaluated. Seeds obtained from mature fruits from "El Chaparro" town, Anzoategui state, Venezuela, harvested in March 2003, were decorticated; the endospermus was transformed to meal by means of grinding and then using a sieve (425 µm), and its oil was extracted with n-hexane. The whole seed showed an average weight of 9.67 ± 0.32 (P<0.05) and proportions of pericarp and endospermus of 75.39 % and 24.61 %, respectively. The meal presented important contents of fat (53.13 %), protein (13.75 %) and crude fiber (25.82 %). Crude oil showed low free fatty acidity (0.4 %) and high stability (Peroxide was not detected; stabitlity index OSI 100 h), with iodine index 29.87 cg I/g and saponification value 205 mg KOH/g. In the fatty acid composition a high level of saturated acids (79.6 %) was found, and the major fatty acid was lauric acid (50.9 %). The corozo seed is an oleaginous source that may be useful in the venezuelan oil industry.

Qualidade lipídica da polpa e castanha de bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd.

“…Iodine values were higher in the pulp oil, due to the higher number of unsaturated fatty acids (Table 2), as the iodine value is a measure of the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids present in the oil. Hiane et al (2005) obtained 75.43 g I 2 .100 g oil -1 and 54.05 g I2.100 g oil -1 to for oil of the pulp and kernel of bocaiuva, respectively, originating in Campo Grande-MS. Belén-Camacho et al (2005) found a lower value (29.87 g I 2 .100 g oil -1 ) for the kernel of bocaiuva originating from Venezuela.…”

Production of Protein Concentrates from Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata and Acrocomia totai) Kernels by Sieve Fractionation

“…Both macauba pulp and kernels are the main fractions of industrial interest [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The kernels represent 5–7% of the fruit mass [ 11 , 12 ] and are rich in oil (48.5–55.9% DM), proteins (14.5–30.1% DM), and insoluble fibers (13.1–27.2% DM) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 13 ]. The kernel oil is mainly composed of lauric acid, representing 33–51% of the total fatty acids [ 11 , 13 , 14 ], thus, highly suitable for cosmetic and food applications.…”

“…The kernels represent 5–7% of the fruit mass [ 11 , 12 ] and are rich in oil (48.5–55.9% DM), proteins (14.5–30.1% DM), and insoluble fibers (13.1–27.2% DM) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 13 ]. The kernel oil is mainly composed of lauric acid, representing 33–51% of the total fatty acids [ 11 , 13 , 14 ], thus, highly suitable for cosmetic and food applications. After oil extraction, a protein-rich meal from the macauba kernels is left [ 15 ], which is currently used as low-value animal feed or discarded [ 2 ].…”

Production of Hydrolyzed from Macauba Oil(Acrocomia aculeata)with Addition of Organic Solvent to Reaction Medium

“…Além disso, uma quantidade significativa de um carvão vegetal de alta qualidade pode ser produ-zida a partir de seu endocarpo. O mesocarpo é um alimento rico em fibras, óleo e proteína [5]. No entanto, as plantações de macaúba no Brasil e em muitos lugares do mundo, ainda estão em fase preliminar, uma vez que sua exploração comercial depende do desenvolvimento de tecnologias avançadas [6].…”