Physicochemical evolution of nascent soot particles in a laminar premixed flame: from nucleation to early growth

Commodo, Mario; Falco, Gianluigi De; Bruno, Annalisa; Borriello, Carmela; D’Anna, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.022

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…More recently, nonvolatile nanoparticle emissions have been also reported to occur in a heavy-duty engine running alternative diesel fuels [42]. The presence of a "solid" nuclei particles formed during combustion, with particle size of the order of few nanometers and distinct from soot particles, is also consistent to what has been found by in-situ and ex-situ analysis of carbon nanoparticles formation and evolution in laboratory premixed and diffusion flames [43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Particle Concentrations and Number Size Distributionssupporting

confidence: 70%

Pollutant Formation during the Occurrence of Flame Instabilities under Very-Lean Combustion Conditions in a Liquid-Fuel Burner

et al. 2017

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Recent advances in gas turbine combustor design are aimed at achieving low exhaust emissions, hence modern aircraft jet engines are designed with lean-burn combustion systems. In the present work, we report an experimental study on lean combustion in a liquid fuel burner, operated under a non-premixed (single point injection) regime that mimics the combustion in a modern aircraft engine. The flame behavior was investigated in proximity of the blow-out limit by an intensified high rate Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera equipped with different optical filters to selectively record single species chemiluminescence emissions (e.g., OH*, CH*). Analogous filters were also used in combination with photomultiplier (PMT) tubes. Furthermore this work investigates well-mixed lean low NO x combustion where mixing is good and generation of solid carbon particulate emissions should be very low. An analysis of pollutants such as fine particles and gaseous emissions was also performed. Particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured at the exhaust of the combustion chamber by two different particle size measuring instruments: a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). NO x concentration measurements were performed by using a cross-flow modulation chemiluminescence detection system; CO concentration emissions were acquired with a Cross-flow modulation Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption method. All the measurements were completed by diagnostics of the fundamental combustor parameters. The results herein presented show that at very-lean conditions the emissions of both particulate matter and CO was found to increase most likely due to the occurrence of flame instabilities while the NO x were observed to reduce.

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Section: Particle Concentrations and Number Size Distributionssupporting

confidence: 70%

Pollutant Formation during the Occurrence of Flame Instabilities under Very-Lean Combustion Conditions in a Liquid-Fuel Burner

et al. 2017

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“…Three primary pathways have been postulated for the soot nucleation and growth processes (Wang, 2011). The first one involves the growth of "two-dimensional" PAH into curved, fullerene-like structures (Homann, 1998), the second one involves the physical dimerisation of planar PAH and their coalescence into clusters of stacked PAH (Frenklach and Wang, 1991;Herdman and Miller, 2008;Schuetz and Frenklach, 2002) and the third one is a chemical pathway in which PAH react to form crosslinked three-dimensional structures (D'Anna et al, 2001;Violi et al, 2002Violi et al, , 2004Ciajolo et al, 2000;Commodo et al, 2015Commodo et al, , 2019. All the above mechanisms are believed to take part in the soot formation process, but their relative importance or feasibility at different conditions and temperatures is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the advent of electron microscopy has revealed an internal structure to these particles, indicating a core-shell structure with less structured nuclei inside of carbon black (Donnet et al, 1968;Heckman and Harling, 1966;Heidenreich et al, 1968) and potentially multiple nuclei (Ishiguro et al, 1997). The development of a core-shell structure has been correlated with the maturity of the particle, with the H/C ratio and band gap decreasing with height above the burner (Kholghy et al, 2016;Dastanpour et al, 2017;Commodo et al, 2015;Minutolo et al, 1996;Tregrossi and Ciajolo, 2010;Russo et al, 2013;Miller et al, 2013). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images also showed fringe lengths increasing and interplanar distances decreasing with soot maturity and the flame temperature (Alfè et al, 2009;Kholghy et al, 2016;Alfè et al, 2010;Apicella et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Soot Particles: The Impact of Crosslinked Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Pascazio

Martin

Botero

et al. 2019

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…Discussion on this point is reported in [33,[44][45][46] where the model is explained in detail. It is worth mentioning that experimental data suggest that particle sizes as large as 7-10nm are needed to form aggregates [17,68,69].…”

Section: Multi-sectional Model Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and oxygen effects on oxidation-induced fragmentation of soot particles

Sirignano

Ghiassi

D’Anna

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

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In this work soot oxidation induced-fragmentation is modeled by using a Multi-Sectional approach. The model has been developed previously and applied successfully, confirming the role of oxidation-induced fragmentation in soot burnout under different combustion conditions. The Multi-Sectional model was used without further modification to understand the mechanism governing the oxidation-induced fragmentation of soot aggregates and particles by modeling particle size distributions (PSDs) previously measured in a two-stage burner under a wide range of temperature and in both fuel-lean and fuel-rich overall conditions. The model was able to reproduce the experimental data in all the investigated conditions both in terms of PSDs and total mass of oxidized particles.An analysis of model results suggested that when temperature decreased, small particles produced by oxidation-induced fragmentation could not be completely oxidized and, thus, could be emitted; on the other hand, when temperature increased, the global oxidation process was more effective and small particles were oxidized and reduced in number concentration.When studying fuel rich conditions, the model predicted that the local presence of a relevant oxygen concentration caused the oxidation-induced fragmentation mechanism, producing small particles, which could eventually be emitted.Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on oxidation-induced fragmentation indicating that aggregate fragmentation controlled soot burnout whereas particle fragmentation was responsible for small particle formation. However, the sensitivity analysis also suggested that both mechanisms were needed for the correct prediction of the evolution of PSDs

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Physicochemical evolution of nascent soot particles in a laminar premixed flame: from nucleation to early growth

Cited by 87 publications

References 63 publications

Pollutant Formation during the Occurrence of Flame Instabilities under Very-Lean Combustion Conditions in a Liquid-Fuel Burner

Pollutant Formation during the Occurrence of Flame Instabilities under Very-Lean Combustion Conditions in a Liquid-Fuel Burner

Mechanical Properties of Soot Particles: The Impact of Crosslinked Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Temperature and oxygen effects on oxidation-induced fragmentation of soot particles

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