Physicochemical investigation of some primitive water sources in district Champawat for potability and preservation of historical aesthetics, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

The present study deals with the assessment of physicochemical properties of spring water samples collected from the surroundings of Champawat city, Uttarakhand, India. The total of twenty-three parameters were analysed for the study including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L), electrical conductance (EC) (µS/cm), temperature (T) (°C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L), chloride (Cl- ) (mg/L), and uranium (U) (µg/L). The seasonal variation was also observed in these samples. In the hills, spring water has been the common source of public water supply from ancient times, therefore this study includes the springs that have survived from the distant past and were being used for drinking purpose at earlier time. However, with time, the quality of these water sources has depleted due to both natural and anthropogenic reasons to such an extent that two of these sources are not in use any more. The analysis has shown that pH of these samples ranged from 6.74 - 7.77, the highest values of TDS and nitrate (NO3 - ) were observed to be 500 mg/L and 39.1 mg/L respectively. This study can help determine the present state of these ancient water sources, which can be used as alternative water sources in the time of water supply crisis, and maintaining these historical water sources can be an example of sustainable development and preservation of historical aesthetics.

Physicochemical Analysis of the Traditional Water Sources of Lohaghat Region in Kumaon Himalayas, District Champawat, Uttarakhand, India

“…The acceptable limit for calcium is 75 mg/l and the accepted limit for magnesium is 30 mg/l. Patni et al (2022) analyzed aquifers of Champawat and their study showed similar results. TH, calcium, and magnesium of their samples were also found under the permissible limits of BIS.…”

Assessment of water quality of the Bhima River for drinking purpose by water quality index

“…Because rivers pass through towns, industrial zones, and agricultural areas, they have long been used for disposal of sewage [6]. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) study, household waste accounts for 80 % of water contamination [7].…”

“…Many authors, such as Patni et al, [7], Lrk et al, [11], and Gupta et al, [15] have reported on the concentration of physiochemical parameters of river water from different places around the world, as well as the pollution status, using the WQI approach. In many areas, there is a serious water deficit and there are problems with the quality of drinking water.…”