Physicochemical Investigations of Microemulsification of Coconut Oil and Water Using Polyoxyethylene 2-Cetyl Ether (Brij 52) and Isopropanol or Ethanol

Acharya, A.; Moulik, Satya P.; Sanyal, Shankha; Mishra, Bijaya Kumar; Puri, Pooja

doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.7980

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Negative entropy of dispersion has also been reported on other o/w and w/o microemulsion forming systems. 4,5,26) In Fig. 5, the triangle constitute the base plane of the prism in which the pseudoternary phase boundary curve is drawn, wherein the open circles represent the experimented phase boundary points (the region above which is single phase microemulsion and the region below is biphasic).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7] Microemulsification of most widely used oil IPM for topical application has been achieved by using lecithin, polyoxyethylene sorbitan n-acyl esters (polysorbate 85, 80, 60, 40), sodium bis-2-ethyl hexyl sulphosuccinate (AOT), sucrose esters, polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether, C(12) Eo(8) as surfactants and short chain alcohols (ethanol, propanol, butanol), amines, alkanoic acid, poly ethylene glycol alkyl ethers, sorbitol, sucrose, sucrose ester, propylene glycol, lysolecithin, 2-acyl lysolecithin, mono alkyl phosphate as co-surfactants. 2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In respect of convenience of formation and use, the oil IPM is better choice in comparison with other physiologically tolerable oils.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of Microemulsion System Using Isopropyl Myristate, Medium-Chain Glyceride, Polysorbate 80 and Water

Natesan

Ghosal

Acharya

et al. 2005

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Microemulsions are isotropic and thermodynamically stable dispersed micro-heterogeneous systems composed of water, oil and amphiphile.1) Their stability and unique solubilization properties have drawn attention for their use as vehicles for drug delivery. Microemulsions have the ability to protect labile drugs, control their release, increase their solubility and bioavailability and reduce patient variability. It has been proven possible to formulate preparations suitable for different routes of administration viz., oral, topical, ocular, pulmonary and intravenous. Microemulsion contains nanometer-sized droplets of oil or water. If the droplets are non interacting the resulting microemulsion will be low in viscosity. On other hand high viscosity and optically clear (microemulsion gel) microemulsions results due to the interaction of cylindrical or wormlike micelles in microemulsion formulations. Microemulsion systems containing lecithin and low water content leads to the formation of microemulsion gel and the utility of the resulting gels have been reported to deliver the drugs through skin. 2,3)Although various types of microemulsions have been reported as being nontoxic, but microemulsion systems composed of regulatory approved excipients for pharmaceutical uses are limited. The choice of oil is limited to medium chain glycerides or fatty acid esters such as isopropyl myristate (IPM), isopropyl palmitate and ethyl or methyl esters of lauric, myristic and oleic acid.2) Uses of pure plant oils have also been reported in recent literature.4-7) Microemulsification of most widely used oil IPM for topical application has been achieved by using lecithin, polyoxyethylene sorbitan n-acyl esters (polysorbate 85, 80, 60, 40), sodium bis-2-ethyl hexyl sulphosuccinate (AOT), sucrose esters, polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether, C(12) Eo(8) as surfactants and short chain alcohols (ethanol, propanol, butanol), amines, alkanoic acid, poly ethylene glycol alkyl ethers, sorbitol, sucrose, sucrose ester, propylene glycol, lysolecithin, 2-acyl lysolecithin, mono alkyl phosphate as co-surfactants. 2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In respect of convenience of formation and use, the oil IPM is better choice in comparison with other physiologically tolerable oils. 13)According to reports, medium chain fatty acids, mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides, particularly caprylic/capric mono-/diglycerides have been used independently in mixed micelle, emulsion and microemulsion formulations and as absorption enhancers for a number of drugs, since they have been found to be physiologically well tolerated.15) Further, mono-/diglycerides or polyol fatty acid esters have also been used as a permeation enhancer. 16,17) In view of the above-mentioned prospects, more investigations on micelle and microemulsion formulation using glycerides of the above categories is warranted.In the present study, IPM has been used as oil phase with poloysorbate 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbiton mono oleate) and caprylic/capric mono-/di-glycerides (MDG) as surfactant and co-surfactan...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of Microemulsion System Using Isopropyl Myristate, Medium-Chain Glyceride, Polysorbate 80 and Water

Natesan

Ghosal

Acharya

et al. 2005

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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show abstract

“…Viscosity initially decreases with increasing x and passes through minima at x in the range of 10-15. It is known that fluidity increases with the rise in temperature for microemulsions in general [40,41,52,53]. However, initial decrease in viscosity of microemulsion with increase in x could be accounted for the increase in the number of droplets, and the subsequent size depletion.…”

Section: Viscosity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…During the measurements, shear rates (D) were varied within the range 20-60 S -1 and the corresponding shear stress (s) was recorded. Finally the viscosity of the solution was obtained using the zero shear rates according to the relation g = s/D [40,41].…”

Section: Viscosity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico‐Chemical Studies on Microemulsion: Effect of Cosurfactant Chain Length on the Phase Behavior, Formation Dynamics, Structural Parameters and Viscosity of Water/(Polysorbate‐20 + n‐Alkanol)/n‐Heptane Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion

Paul

Panda

2011

J Surfact & Detergents

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The pseudo-ternary water-in-oil microemulsion system, comprising water/polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Polysorbate-20) ? n-alkanol/n-heptane, have been studied by phase manifestation, method of dilution, viscosity and dynamic light scattering measurements. Polysorbate-20, in combination with equal mass of cosurfactants (of varying chain length, from n-butanol to n-octanol) were used in studying the systems in the temperature range 303-323 K. Appearance of turbidity was noted visually, which indicated the attainment of immiscibility or phase separation; a clear dependence of the different phases on cosurfactant chain length was noted. By employing the method of dilution, associated thermodynamic parameters for the formation of water-in-oil microemulsion droplets were derived. Different associated structural parameters were derived through further computation of the data derived from the method of dilution. Unusual behavior of Polysorbate-20, compared to the conventional ionic surfactants, was noted. Viscosity measurements, as carried out with different compositions and temperatures, revealed the temperature and water pool size dependency of the microemulsion systems. Viscosity data did not follow the same trend during heating and the cooling process, due to the condensation effect. This phenomenon was further confirmed by dynamic light scattering measurements.

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“…All these factors enable easy permeation of drugs through small capillary vessels without any discrimination by the host natural defense mechanism and therefore, readily absorbed by the organs presenting improved therapeutic efficacy (23,24). In recent years, there are many findings related to essential oil-based microemulsion system having prospective applications in pharmaceuticals (25)(26)(27)(28)(29). This includes clove oil microencapsulation of natural bioactive products like Bassic acid, Quercetin, and Diospyrin that is reported to be more efficient, nontoxic, and biocompatible as well (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: A R T I C L E C Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Formulation Technique of a Novel Drug Delivery System for Azithromycin and its Anti-Bacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus

2013

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Abstract. Azithromycin, an important member of the azalide subclass is effective against both Grampositive and Gram-negative organisms. Certain physicochemical properties of the drug like poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of 37% due to incomplete absorption after ingestion, aroused the need for the development of a novel drug delivery system to enhance the solubilization potential and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a very low concentration. Cinnamon oil (Cinnamonum zeylanicum)-based microemulsion system formulated using non-ionic surfactant, Tween 20, and water was characterized. The drug-incorporated system F4 (oil to surfactant ratio of 1:4 (v/v)) showed enhanced solubilization of the drug, droplet diameter of 5-8 nm, and a good thermodynamic stability. The effect of surfactant concentration exhibited a negative correlation with droplet size diameter and turbidity and a positive correlation with stability and viscosity. The system was investigated for its antibacterial activity that demonstrated a significantly higher activity at a minimum concentration (4 μg/ ml) of the novel drug-loaded system in comparison with the conventional formulation (128 μg/ml). Examination through scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirmed a considerable morphologic variation due to alteration in the membrane permeability of the microemulsion-treated system. The small droplet size of the microemulsion system and the antibacterial property of cinnamon oil, together, accounts clearly for the enhanced efficacy of the new formulated system F4 and not just azithromycin alone. Staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide dyes as examined through fluorescence microscopy also substantiated with the results of membrane permeability of bacteria. Thus, our study discloses a potential oral drug delivery system of azithromycin with improved biocompatibility.

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Physicochemical Investigations of Microemulsification of Coconut Oil and Water Using Polyoxyethylene 2-Cetyl Ether (Brij 52) and Isopropanol or Ethanol

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of Microemulsion System Using Isopropyl Myristate, Medium-Chain Glyceride, Polysorbate 80 and Water

Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of Microemulsion System Using Isopropyl Myristate, Medium-Chain Glyceride, Polysorbate 80 and Water

Physico‐Chemical Studies on Microemulsion: Effect of Cosurfactant Chain Length on the Phase Behavior, Formation Dynamics, Structural Parameters and Viscosity of Water/(Polysorbate‐20 + n‐Alkanol)/n‐Heptane Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion

Design and Formulation Technique of a Novel Drug Delivery System for Azithromycin and its Anti-Bacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus

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