“…The fact is that by now the physical processes that determine the behavior of the electron density N e are well known, in any case at heights h ≤ 500-600 km, and there is quite extensive experimental data obtained by radiophysical methods, as well as with missiles and satellites. All this served as the basis for developing a set of theoretical, empirical, semi-empirical ionospheric models of varying complexity and purpose in Russia (USSR) (see, e.g., [Danilov, 1967, 1981, Polyakov et al, 1968Ivanov-Kholodny, Nikolsky, 1969;Danilov, Vlasov, 1973;Gershman, 1974;Ionospheric models 1975;Chavdarov et al, 1975;Gershman et al, 1976;Andriyako et al, 1978;Kozlov et al, 1978Kozlov et al, , 2014Krinberg, 1978;Fatkullin, 1978Fatkullin, , 1982Ivanov-Kholodny, Nusinov, 1979;Namgaladze, 1979;Smirnova, Vlaskov, 1979;Ivanov-Kholodny, Mikhailov, 1980;Mizun, 1980Mizun, , 1983Fat-kullin et al, 1981;Koshelev et al, 1983;Krinberg, Tashchilin, 1984;Bryunelli, Namgaladze, 1988;Zevakina et al, 1990;Chasovitin et al, 1990;Shefov et al, 2006;Bekker et al, 2013Bekker et al, , 2017Lapshin et al, 2016a, b;Pavlov, Pavlova, 2016;Wang Zheng et al, 2017;Dashkevich et al, 2017;Krivolutsky et al, 2017;Bekker, 2018;Deminov, Shubin, 2018;Shubin, Deminov, 2019;Sergeenko, 2019]). It is not our task here to give an overview of published works, and the above list is far to be c...…”