Physicochemical Properties of Choline Chloride-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) and Their Applicability for Extracting Oil Palm Flavonoids

Zain, Mohamad Shazeli Che; Yeoh, Jen Xen; Lee, Soo Yee; Shaari, Khozirah

doi:10.3390/su132312981

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Choline chloride (ChCl) was the first HBA used in DESs and the one present in over half of the DESs reported in the literature. ,− The distinctive character of ChCl in forming DESs with a considerably low eutectic temperature has not been well-explored so far. ChCl has been shown to undergo a solid–solid transition at around 352 K .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocrystal Formation in Choline Chloride Deep Eutectic Solvents

Alhadid

Jandl

Mokrushina

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are eutectic mixtures representing a new generation of tunable solvents. The majority of the DESs studied in the literature contains choline chloride (ChCl). The knowledge of solid–liquid equilibria (SLE) in the DESs is crucial for the identification of the composition range in which the mixture is liquid below process-relevant temperatures. ChCl-based DES phase diagrams are usually assumed to be simple eutectics with no cocrystal formation. However, the simple eutectic assumption is questionable without a detailed characterization of the crystallized solid phases. This study investigates the formation of cocrystals in ChCl-based DESs. The SLE in ChCl/catechol and ChCl/hydroquinone eutectic mixtures were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The research demonstrated the formation of two cocrystals in the ChCl/catechol system and one cocrystal in the ChCl/hydroquinone system; the crystal structures were obtained using single-crystal XRD. The solid–solid transition of ChCl in the mixture was observed by DSC and variable-temperature XRD. The SLE data were correlated using the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model and the melting properties of the pure components and cocrystals. Modeling the SLE data enabled one to evaluate the melting properties of ChCl estimated in the literature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocrystal Formation in Choline Chloride Deep Eutectic Solvents

Alhadid

Jandl

Mokrushina

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…The rise of polarity in DES indicates higher hydrogen bond forming tendency, and therefore, it can deduce that organic acid‐based NADES (acidic HDB) has a higher hydrogen bond forming ability and produces highly polar DES. Comparative to sugar‐based NADES, the polarity of BDO‐ and EG‐based DES is still high, which highlights a great potential in solubility and extraction of anthocyanin in DES 21 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the simple structure of LA with only one −COOH group aided a better interaction for extraction. Furthermore, previous research work also revealed that organic acid‐based NADES is more polar than polyalcohol‐based DES, making the organic acid‐based NADES with high anthocyanin extraction efficiency 21,22 . Unlike complex polyalcohol HBD such as sorbitol and polyethylene glycol, EG and BDO defined as simple polyalcohol HBD in which the viscosity of these DES is lower compared to sorbitol and polyethylene as HBD 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative to sugarbased NADES, the polarity of BDO-and EG-based DES is still high, which highlights a great potential in solubility and extraction of anthocyanin in DES. 21…”

Section: Polarity Of Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, previous research work also revealed that organic acidbased NADES is more polar than polyalcohol-based DES, making the organic acid-based NADES with high anthocyanin extraction efficiency. 21,22 Unlike complex polyalcohol HBD such as sorbitol and polyethylene glycol, EG and BDO defined as simple polyalcohol HBD in which the viscosity of these DES is lower compared to sorbitol and polyethylene as HBD. 24 This explains why BDO-and EG-based DES have high TMA as the low viscosity enhanced a better mass transfer and high degree of anthocyanin solubilization.…”

Section: Influence Of Temperature On Des Viscosity and Anthocyanin So...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvent for anthocyanin extraction via aqueous two‐phase system: Physicochemical properties and liquid–liquid equilibrium phase diagram

Meng,

Nalatambi,

Mahaindran

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The purpose of this research is to characterize and explore the feasibility of deep eutectic solvent‐based aqueous two‐phase system (DES‐ATPS) for its potential application in the extraction and purification of anthocyanins. Various combinations and molar ratios of DES using choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and butanediol (BDO), ethylene glycol (EG), and lactic acid (LA) as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were synthesized, screened, and investigated on its physicochemical properties. The binodal phase diagrams were developed as basis for the ATPS development. It was noted that LA‐based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were highly polar and likely to enhance the solubility of anthocyanin in DES. Regardless, the simple molecular structure and low viscosity of EG‐ and BDO‐based DES enhanced the solubility of anthocyanin and recorded a monomeric anthocyanin content ranging from 10.52 ± 0.78 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside/g at 40°C and 10.78 ± 0.84 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside/g at 30°C, respectively. Lastly, the liquid–liquid equilibrium binodal curves were developed and ChCl:1,3‐BDO (1:4) and ChCl:1,4‐BDO (1:4) exhibited excellent phase‐forming ability, thus concluding its excellent potential for anthocyanin extraction through ATPS.

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