Physicochemical properties of culms in rye (Secale cereale L.) with a brittle stem

Variation in Lignin, Cell Wall-Bound p-Coumaric, and Ferulic Acid in the Nodes and Internodes of Cereals and Their Impact on Lodging

“…The material properties of cellular structural arrangements have been modeled to be important to lodging resistance. , Lignin is thought to provide stiffness and therefore strength in stems, ,,,, whereas, cellulose may give the stems the flexibility required to return to 90° after lignin material properties have “failed”. , The hydrophobic nature of lignin is essential for it to confer strength to secondary walls. , This study found collectively all cereals had higher lignin in the internodes versus the nodes (Table ). This result suggests flexibility instead of rigidity at nodes is important for all cereal species.…”

“…While higher lignin concentrations in the stem overall have been linked to better lodging resistance, 19 reduced lignin in nodes compared to internodes is hypothesized to increase overall stem strength and lodging resistance. 58,59 Overall, no correlation was found between lodging resistance and phenolic compounds (p = 0.9857) (Table 3) across all cereals. However, when cultivars were divided by historic lodging classifications, phenolic content differences were found specific to cereal species.…”

“…71 The material properties of cellular structural arrangements have been modeled to be important to lodging resistance. 9,72 Lignin is thought to provide stiffness and therefore strength in stems, 6,21,58,69,72 whereas, cellulose may give the stems the flexibility required to return to 90°after lignin material properties have "failed". 9,72 The hydrophobic nature of lignin is essential for it to confer strength to secondary walls.…”

“…The data presented in this study found reported levels of lignin higher than those reported for wheat, corn stover, and prairie grasses. Mutant and mapping studies indicated that a reduction in lignin concentration of the nodes conferred stem strength, , suggesting that more lignin in the internode compared to nodes maybe the preferred ideotype for lodging resistance.…”

A mechanistic view on lodging resistance in rye and wheat: a multiscale comparative study

“…Thick‐walled, lignified sclerenchyma cells at the periphery of the stem are usually associated with mechanical strength and lodging resistance in various cereal crops (Aohara et al ., 2009 ; Cosgrove, 2005 ; Kong et al ., 2013 ). The picture around the interaction of traits became clearer with the study of the brittle stem ( bs ) mutation in rye, which resulted in fewer vascular bundles in the basal internodes, an aberrant structure and composition of the sclerenchyma tissue, and corresponding physicochemical alterations (Konovalov et al ., 2013a ; Kubicka and Kubicki, 1981 ). According to the present study on the progeny of the lodging‐resistant and prone lines, the QTL responsible for ScL thickness and one of the two QTLs for CWT co‐localized on chromosome 7R.…”