Physicochemical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Fish Scales

Abstract

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was extracted from freshwater fish scales and saltwater fish scales using thermal decomposition method at various temperatures. The percentages of HAp in each species of raw fish scales were analysed using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to confirm the present of HA. The crystallinity of the HAp was studied using x-ray diffractometer (XRD). TGA and FTIR are found to be useful techniques to predict the composition of the HAp present in the fish scales. The results show that the composition of HAp in the fish scales was not significantly dependent on the species of the fish. The percentage of HAp in the fish scales ranged from 40 to 45 wt%. The heating temperature had an effect on the crystallinity and colour of the HAp produced. Results from FTIR and XRD confirmed that the HAp extracted from fish scales was similar to the HAp standard. However, the natural HAp produced from saltwater fish scales was more crystalline than that produced from freshwater fish scales. The HAp produced from this study is relatively cheap and more importantly they are HALAL for four billion Muslims population around the world.

A Brief Review on Biomedical Applications of Hydroxyapatite Use as Fillers in Polymer

“…However, in consideration of the high cost associated with chemicals used in the synthetic process, other natural sources were explored for the inexpensive production of HA. Biological sources, such as fish scales, fish bones, bovine bones, egg shells, snail shells, teeth and bones of pig, are among the major sources of natural HA [1,2,25,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Fish scales contain abundant valuable organic and inorganic components, mainly collagen and HA [60].…”

“…Direct burning is an easy and cheap way of obtaining natural HA. Fish scales are burned at high temperature to remove organic component, and HA is retained as ash [53,56,57,61]. Rosen et al [62] studied the characteristics of HA from processed bone and found that the bone HA exhibits significant differences in crystal morphology compared with synthetic HA.…”

“…Nevertheless, bioceramics have poor mechanical performance, which limits their applications in load bearing. The recent trend in bio ceramic research is mainly concentrated on bioactive and bioresorbable ceramics, i.e., HA, tricalcium phosphates and biphasic calcium phosphates, and bioactive glasses because of their superior biological properties over other materials [51,57,60,[63][64][65][66].…”

Extraction and Characterization of Novel Natural Hydroxyapatite Bioceramic by Thermal Decomposition of Waste Ostrich Bone

“…Kongsri et al [23] and Panda et al [24] extracted from fish scales, and Venkatesan et al [25] extracted from the fish bone. Furthermore, Zainon et al [26] and Kim et al [27] extracted from the cuttle fish bone. Chattanathan et al [28] used the catfish bone.…”

Extraction, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroxyapatite From Seabass and Seabream Scale

“…Hydroxyapatite (HAP), with a chemical formula of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , is one of constituent that had found in either in human bone or teeth and the major elements are including calcium and phosphorous. HAp is derived from natural materials such as fish bone (Jensen et al, 1996;Ozawa and Kanahara, 2005) and fish scale (Mondal et al, 2010;Zainon et al, 2012), bovine sources (Sofronia et al, 2014). Bovine and pork origins are often associated with disease transmission and religious sentiments (Gómez-Guillén et al, 2011).…”