Physicochemical properties of microcrystalline nitrocellulose from Alfa grass fibres and its thermal stability

Trache, Djalal; Khimeche, Kamel; Mezroua, Abderrahmane; Benziane, Mokhtar

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-5293-1

Cited by 224 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The XRD patterns show that the major peaks at 2θ values of around 14.8 °, 16.4°, 22.4°, which correspond to the (110), (11-0 ) and (002) planes [44], indicate the predominance of cellulose I in all samples (AW, ATAW, BAW, CNC30, CNC40 and CNC80). It is noteworthy that the peaks observed at 2θ of 25-30 °, in AW and BAW samples, correspond to mineral impurities that are generally presented in sea biomass, such as silica (SiO2) and weddeellite (CaC2O4.2H2O) [12,45].…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Achaby

Kassab

Aboulkas

et al. 2018

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

187

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phone (+2126) 620 10 620 Highlights  Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully extracted from red algae waste  CNC exhibit a needle-like shape and a diameter of 5-9 nm, and a length of 289-315 nm  PVA nanocomposite films with different CNC contents were prepared by solvent-casting  Nanocomposites with high mechanical performance and good transparency were obtaine Version postprintComment citer ce document : El Achaby, M., Kassab, Z., Aboulkas, A., Gaillard, C., AbstractRed algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2 ± 2.9 to 9.1 ± 3.1 nm, and from 285.4 ± 36.5 to 315.7 ± 30.3 nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87 %, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80 minutes). The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. It is shown that the addition of 8 wt % CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215 %, the tensile strength by 150 %, and the toughness by 45 %. Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Achaby

Kassab

Aboulkas

et al. 2018

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

187

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“…Cellulose nitrate, commonly known as nitrocellulose (NC), synthesized for the first time in 1832 by Braconnot and developed by Schönbein in 1846, is a traditional energetic material produced by the nitration of cellulose through exposure to sulfonitric acid or another powerful nitrating agent . The obtained fluffy white energetic polymer is extensively used in various military and civilian applications due to its noticeable characteristics such as great mechanical strength, flammability, rapid drying rate, and compatibility with several stabilizers and plasticizers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides that, it has been reported that the origin of cellulose and its preliminary treatment influence the physicochemical, thermal, and energetic features of the produced NC and affect its microstructure . On the other hand, the low combustion temperature, the high impact sensitivity, the high friability, and the low density have restricted the NC applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

Tarchoun

Trache

Klapötke

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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In this study, microcrystalline cellulose nitrate (MCCN) as energetic polymer is successfully obtained from Posidonia oceanica brown algae (POBA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show alterations in the intensities of some absorption bands, suggesting a significant difference in the chemical structure between microcrystalline cellulose and the emergent MCCN samples. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that MCCNs are more crystalline than conventional nitrocellulose (NC). According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both NC and MCCN reveal a compact structure and a rough surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) displays that the thermal degradation of MCCNs shifts to lower temperatures compared to the respective NCs. Furthermore, in comparison with NC samples, MCCN samples exhibit high density, high nitrogen content, low viscosity‐average molecular weight, and good thermal stability. On the other hand, kinetic modeling based on DSC data is carried out by isoconversional integral methods to determine Arrhenius parameters and the decomposition mechanisms. It is found that MCCNs present lower activation energies than conventional NCs with a decrease of ≈6%. Finally, this work opens a new pathway to prepare MCCN from POBA, and it is expected to have applications in several areas such as propellants, energetic binders, and gas generators.

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“…To ensure a safe life and long storage time under adverse storage conditions with acceptable chemical, thermal, mechanical and ballistic performances, such materials should contain various chemical compounds such as stabilizers [1]. Solid propellants consisting of nitrocellulose (NC) and/or other nitrate esters (NE), are inherently chemically unstable and tend to decompose even at the normal storage conditions because of the low bonding energy (155 kJ/mol) of the nitrate ester group (CH 2 -O-NO 2 ) [2][3][4]. They undergo slow decomposition and generate nitrogen oxides (NO X ) which react with the residual moisture present in the propellant and form nitrous and nitric acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid + liquid equilibria and molecular structure studies of binary mixtures for nitrate ester’s stabilizers: Measurement and modeling

et al. 2018

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A B S T R A C TSolid-liquid equilibria (SLE) data for two binary organic mixtures of N-(2-methoxyethyl)-p-nitroaniline + Nethyl-4-nitroaniline (S1) and N-(2-ethanol)-p-nitroaniline + N-ethyl-4-nitroaniline (S2) have been measured using differential scanning calorimeter to build the corresponding solid-liquid phase diagrams. The quality of the SLE data has been checked by consistency tests, presenting good quality factors for both systems. Simple eutectic behavior has been observed for these systems with the presence of a solid-solid transition for S2. The SLE data have been correlated by means of Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC equations. The used models calculate the equilibrium temperatures very satisfactorily. The best modeling results were obtained using the Wilson equation with a root mean square deviation between experimental and calculated values for S1 and S2 of 1.15 and 1.99, respectively. The Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC equations have also been used to compute excess thermodynamic functions viz. excess Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The obtained results demonstrated a moderate positive deviation to ideality for S1, and a strong positive deviation for S2, unveiling the nature of the interactions between the compounds forming each mixture. In addition, microstructural studies have been carried out by FTIR, XRD and optical microscopy. Weak molecular interactions have been shown for the eutectic compositions. Jackson's roughness parameter was calculated and found to be greater than 2, suggesting the faceted morphology with irregular structures.

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Physicochemical properties of microcrystalline nitrocellulose from Alfa grass fibres and its thermal stability

Cited by 224 publications

References 56 publications

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

Solid + liquid equilibria and molecular structure studies of binary mixtures for nitrate ester’s stabilizers: Measurement and modeling

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