“…The sugars commonly found in honey can be classified as reducing and nonreducing sugar. The minor constituents comprised enzymes (α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, αamylase, glucose oxidase, invertase, diastase, catalase, proteases, and glucosylceramidase), proteins, amino acids, minerals, organic acids, water-soluble vitamins, lipids, pollen grains, phytochemicals (carotenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), waxes, volatile organic compounds, and final products from the Maillard reaction (e.g., 5-hydroxymethylfurfural [5-HMF], 2-furaldeyhde, 3furaldeyhde, 5-methylfuraldeyhde, 2-furoic acid, 3-furoic acid, and melanoidins) (Hassan et al, 2023;Manickavasagam et al, 2023). Moreover, all honey does not share a similar composition with each other and the composition is strongly influenced by climatical conditions (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and light exposure), floral origin, topographical origin, species of honeybees, foraging behavior of bees, harvesting season, extraction technique, handling method, and storage conditions (Sant'ana et al, 2020;Su et al, 2022).…”