Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: Ii. Behavior as Polyelectrolytes

Gardon, J. L.; Mason, S. G.

doi:10.1139/v55-182

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The ultrafilter developed for the purpose of fractiollatillg the ligninsulphonates is described in detail in a separate publication (8); six ultrafilter cells each having a membrane area of 200 sq. cm.…”

Section: Ultrafiltrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conceiltration ci(t) of a fraction i in the solution after a period of ultrafiltration t can be calculated from an equation derived elsewhere (8):…”

Section: Degree Of Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a homologous polymer series the followiilg relation holds between the weight-average molecular weights M and diffusion coefficients Dl (10) :…”

Section: Molecular Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulated data (2,14) present a confusing picture because in the isolation of lignin or ligninsulpl~onates the original lignin in the wood can be considerably degraded or polymerized. Furthermore it is also possible that in the lower molecular weight region association may occur in the solutions (10) ; if this occurs the molecular weights obtained for the lower fractioils would also be too high.…”

Section: Molecular Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: I. Preparation and Properties of Fractionated Samples

Gardon¹,

Mason²

1955

Can. J. Chem.

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High molecular weight lignins~~lphonates were separated from other constituents of spent sulphite liquor by a method of dialysis allolving c o n t i n~~o u s removal of the dialyzates and their replacement by distilled water. The process was controlled by continuous analysis of the residue and dialyzate. The lower molecular weight ligninsulphonates in the dialyzates were separated from the carbohvdrates bv precipitating their barium salts with ethanol: four fractions correspbnding to differkt times of dialysis were prepared in this manner. The ligninsulphonates in the dialyzed liquor mere separated into four additional fractions by ultrafiltration through membranes of different pore sizes. The methoxyl, sulphur, and phenolic hydrosyl contents, neutralizatior~ equivalent weights, reducing powers, ultraviolet absorption spectra, diffusion coefficients, and number-average molecular weights of the eight fractions were determined.The molecular weights of the fractions range from 3700 to 58,000 but the integral molecular weight distribution curve indicates the presence of ligninsulphonates with molecular weights as high as 100,000.

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Section: Ultrafiltrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conceiltration ci(t) of a fraction i in the solution after a period of ultrafiltration t can be calculated from an equation derived elsewhere (8):…”

Section: Degree Of Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a homologous polymer series the followiilg relation holds between the weight-average molecular weights M and diffusion coefficients Dl (10) :…”

Section: Molecular Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: I. Preparation and Properties of Fractionated Samples

Gardon¹,

Mason²

1955

Can. J. Chem.

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“…Thus to improve LS based products, their solution behavior and the interactions between their different polymer chains must be better understood. Gardon and Mason (1955) were the first who suggested based on conductometric studies that LS may aggregate. Benko (1961a,b) found that the molecular weight (MW) of spent sulphite liquor (SSL) measured by a diffusion method increased during spray drying as a function of temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a very slow disaggregation of lignosulfonates

Myrvold¹

2014

Holzforschung

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There is still a challenging question about how lignosulfonates (LS), such as non-sulfonated lignins, aggregate and disaggregate in solution. In the literature, the reported critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of LS varies by orders of magnitude. In the present work, the aggregation of a purified sodium LS (NaLS) from a softwood has been studied by size exclusion chromatography and capillary viscometry. It was found that intermolecular aggregates form at relatively high concentrations. Disaggregation is an extremely slow process for spray dried samples and proceeds for several weeks. The process can be speeded up by increasing the pH and/or temperature. The very slow disaggregation may explain the strongly varying (and sometimes very low) CAC values reported in the literature. An interaction energy of about 8 kJ mol -1 monomer was calculated.

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High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonate

Rezanowich

Yean

Goring

1964

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisHigh resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonates revealed a granular microstructure of spherical particles df diameters ranging from 30 to 90 A. The weightaverage particle weight, P , was computed from the dimensions measured on the electron micrographs and the density of lignin. For a fraction of intermediate molecular weight, the particle diameter derived from P , was 64 A,, in fair agreement with a value of 49 A. computed from the sedimentation equilibrium molecular weight. A high molecular weight fraction contained, in addition to the granular moiety, larger structures which appeared to be aggregates of the granules. The particle weight distribution for the high molecular weight fraction was similar to the distribution of sedimentation constants previously found for alkali lignins. The spherical shapes for both the granules and the aggregates was in accord with the compact spherical configuration previously proposed for lignin sulfonates in aqueous solution.

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Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: Ii. Behavior as Polyelectrolytes

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: I. Preparation and Properties of Fractionated Samples

Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: I. Preparation and Properties of Fractionated Samples

Evidence for a very slow disaggregation of lignosulfonates

High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonate

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