Physics and Applications for Tracheal Sound Recordings in Sleep Disorders

Penzel, Thomas; Sabil, AbdelKébir

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71824-8_6

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…[12][13][14][15] Filtering techniques are used to separate the high pitch (200 to 2000 Hz) tracheal flow sound from the low pitch (20 to 200 Hz) snoring sound. 16 The intensity of the tracheal sound at high pitch allows the measurement of respiratory flow and the detection of apneas. 17 When the signal's amplitude is decreased to more than 90% or in the absence of flow for more than 10 seconds, it can be assumed that there is no airflow through the trachea and therefore an apnea can be scored.…”

Section: Tracheal Soundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Apnea Detection Using Oronasal Thermal Airflow Sensor, Nasal Pressure Transducer, Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography and Tracheal Sound Sensor

Sabil

Glos

Günther

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: Evaluation of apnea detection using a tracheal sound (TS) sensor during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Polysomnographic recordings of 32 patients (25 male, mean age 66.7 ± 15.3 years, and mean body mass index 30.1 ± 4.5 kg/m 2 ) were analyzed to compare the detection of apneas by four different methods of airflow signals: oronasal thermal airflow sensor (thermistor), nasal pressure transducer (NP), respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIPsum) and TS. The four used signals were scored randomly and independently from each other according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine rules. Results of apnea detection using NP, RIPsum and TS signals were compared to those obtained by thermistor as a reference signal. Results: The number of apneas detected by the thermistor was 4,167. The number of apneas detected using the NP was 5,416 (+29.97%), using the RIPsum was 2,959 (−29.71%) and using the TS was 5,019 (+20.45%). The kappa statistics (95% confidence interval) were 0.72 (0.71 to 0.74) for TS, 0.69 (0.67 to 0.70) for NP, and 0.57 (0.55 to 0.59) for RIPsum. The sensitivity/specificity (%) with respect to the thermistor were 99.23/69.27, 64.07/93.06 and 96.06/76.07 for the NP, RIPsum and TS respectively. Conclusions: With the sensor placed properly on the suprasternal notch, tracheal sounds could help detecting apneas that are underscored by the RIPsum and identify apneas that may be overscored by the NP sensor due to mouth breathing. In the absence of thermistor, TS sensors can be used for apnea detection. Clinical Trial Registration: Registry: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Title: Using the tracheal sound probe of the polygraph CID102 to detect and differentiate obstructive, central, and mixed sleep apneas in patients with sleep disordered breathing, Identifier: DRKS00012795, URL: https://www.drks.de/ drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00012795

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Section: Tracheal Soundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Apnea Detection Using Oronasal Thermal Airflow Sensor, Nasal Pressure Transducer, Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography and Tracheal Sound Sensor

Sabil

Glos

Günther

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…TS signals correlate well with respiratory flow, with no significant difference in the number of apneas detected with TS or reference sensors [4,[6][7][8][9]. Tracheal sounds, recorded at the sternal notch, reflect the superficial vibrations of the body setinmotionbypressure fluctuations [10,11]. Placed on the sternal notch, the TS sensors can detect these vibrations and thus measure tracheal flow sound as well as snoring.…”

Section: Tracheal Sound Analysis For Detection Of Sleep Disordered Brmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tracheal sound analysis for detection of sleep disordered breathing

et al. 2019

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“…This is the case where chocking noise is recorded during obstructive apnea; however, choking sounds are characterized by an amplified burst of the TS with an absence of respiratory cycles during the event, and an experienced scorer should be able to discern the difference between chocking noise and breathing sounds with definite respiratory cycle. 18 Thus, the scorer's familiarity with the TS signal characteristics is quite important for successful analysis.…”

Section: Detection Of Respiratory Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] TSs reflect the superficial vibrations of the body set in motion by pressure fluctuations. 17,18 Placed just above the sternal notch, the TS sensors can detect these vibrations and thus measure tracheal flow sound. In a recent study, Sabil et al have compared the detection of apneas using thermistor, NP, RIPsum, and TS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patient's respiratory efforts cause variations in pharyngeal pressure, which cause pressure changes at the respiratory rate in the TS sensor chamber. 17,18 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the TS-RIP combination compared with the AASM-recommended thermistor-NP-RIP combination could allow reliable detection and characterization of respiratory events and without the need to place sensors on the faces of patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of sleep apnea without sensors on the patient ’ s face

Sabil¹,

Marien

Levaillant³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: Thermistors, nasal cannulas, and respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) are the recommended reference sensors of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) for the detection and characterization of apneas and hypopneas; however, these sensors are not well tolerated by patients and have poor scorability. We evaluated the performance of an alternative method using a combination of tracheal sounds (TSs) and RIP signals. Methods: Consecutive recordings of 70 adult patients from the Pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort were manually scored in random order using the AASM standard signals and the combination TS and RIP signals, without respiratory sensors placed on the patient's face. The TS-RIP scoring used the TS and RIP-flow signals for detection of apneas and hypopneas, respectively, and the suprasternal pressure and RIP belt signals for the characterization of apneas.Results: Sensitivity and specificity of the TS-RIP combination were 96.21% and 91.34% for apnea detection and 89.94% and 93.25% for detecting hypopneas, respectively, with a kappa coefficient of 0.87. For the characterization of apneas, sensitivity and specificity were 98.67% and 96.17% for obstructive apneas, 92.66% and 99.36% for mixed apneas, and 96.14% and 98.89% for central apneas, respectively, with a kappa coefficient of 0.94. The TS-RIP scoring revealed a high agreement for classifying obstructive sleep apnea into severity classes (none, mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea) with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: Compared with the AASM reference sensors, the TS-RIP combination allows reliable noninvasive detection and characterization of respiratory events with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. TS-RIP combination could be used for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, either as an alternative to the AASM sensors or in combination with the recommended AASM sensors.

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Physics and Applications for Tracheal Sound Recordings in Sleep Disorders

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Comparison of Apnea Detection Using Oronasal Thermal Airflow Sensor, Nasal Pressure Transducer, Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography and Tracheal Sound Sensor

Comparison of Apnea Detection Using Oronasal Thermal Airflow Sensor, Nasal Pressure Transducer, Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography and Tracheal Sound Sensor

Tracheal sound analysis for detection of sleep disordered breathing

Diagnosis of sleep apnea without sensors on the patient ’ s face

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