Physics and Chemistry of Lakes

Lerman, Abraham; Imboden, Dieter M.; Gat, J.R.; Chou, Lei

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85132-2

Cited by 127 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 235 publications

(443 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among the strongest complexes of plutonium the hydroxy-carbonate mixed ligand complexes can be mentioned (e. g. Pu(OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 2 2-). Pu(IV), mainly as hydrolysis products and humic complexes, and Pu(V), mainly as PuO 2 + , are generally the dominant oxidation states in most natural waters [32]. In our opinion, adsorption of plutonium onto particulates in the lake water is quite probable due to the low levels of dissolved plutonium (about 10 -15 M) in the environment.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Parameters Of Treated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Investigation of ¹³⁷Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Lukšienė¹,

Žukauskaitė²,

Tarasiuk³

et al. 2016

Lith. J. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Investigations on the pre-concentration of radionuclides ( 137 Cs and plutonium isotopes) from fresh water on solid matrices are presented in this study. A particular focus was given to an innovative physico-chemical removal process such as adsorption of radionuclides from an aqueous medium on new type adsorbents, environmental-friendly materials. Sorption of the tested radionuclides from the lake water solution by environmental assays and synthetic sorbents was compared. Lake water was analyzed for main anions, micro-and macroelements, using ion and atomic absorption chromatography methods, respectively. Batch type and dynamic flow column laboratory experiments were performed. The sorption-desorption capacity of radionuclides by the tested sorbents was estimated based on the results of α-and γ-spectrometric measurements. According to the removal efficiency results, moss can be considered as the best sorbent for plutonium of the tested environmental-friendly sorbents, whereas the moss sorption capacity exceeded even that of the tested synthetic ones. The highest Cs and different plutonium sorption in the moss apparently indicates different binding properties of these radionuclides to the moss, therefore further investigations on this issue are foreseen.

show abstract

Section: Physical and Chemical Parameters Of Treated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Investigation of ¹³⁷Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Lukšienė¹,

Žukauskaitė²,

Tarasiuk³

et al. 2016

Lith. J. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We will first discuss estimates of the salt-exclusion rates found in lakes before returning to discuss estimates of 𝐴𝐴  . Lerman et al (1995) estimated the global salt concentration for lakes (excluding saline lakes with a salinity of >3 g kg −1 ) to be 0.2 g kg −1 . As an example of a natural ice growth rate, the freezing rate from the St. Lawrence field data of Ashton (1989) is ≈0.2 mm hr −1 over 10 days.…”

Section: Implications For Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt‐Fingering in Seasonally Ice‐Covered Lakes

Olsthoorn

Tedford

Lawrence

2022

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The past decade has seen a significant increase in studies on the physical processes occurring under lake ice. These processes had been previously understudied (Kirillin et al., 2012), despite playing a key role in the yearly variability of important physical lake properties, such as temperature and oxygen (Cortés & MacIntyre, 2020;B. Yang et al., 2021). While progress has been made, there remain many open questions concerning the physical, biogeochemical, and biological processes that are occurring under lake ice (Jansen et al., 2021). One process in particular, cryoconcentration (or the rejection of solutes such as salts from freezing ice), may be an important process for both under-ice transport and has the potential to suppress turnover in lakes (Pieters & Lawrence, 2009).The diffusion rates of salt and heat in water are different. This difference can result in what are known as double diffusive instabilities. Depending on how the salt and temperature are stratified, these instabilities will lead to two different types of flows. If the concentration of salt is unstably stratified (as is the case in cryoconcentration), and the temperature is stably stratified, double diffusive instabilities lead to the formation of long finger-like plumes called salt fingers (Turner, 2001). These salt fingers have been observed in the ocean (Kunze et al., 1987) and play a key role in the vertical transport of heat in the Arctic (Rudels et al., 2009). The other type of double diffusive instability, diffusive convection, occurs when the temperature is unstably stratified and the salt is stably stratified, such as in Lake Kivu. For more information on double diffusive convection in lakes, see Bouffard and Wüest (2019).The rejection of salt from ice in inland water (with salinities <24 ppt) is complicated by a nonlinear equation of state. Unlike seawater, freshwater systems have a temperature of maximum density above their freezing temperature (Chen & Millero, 1986). This nonlinear temperature dependence enables an inverse stratification under ice, with colder water above and warmer water below. Despite this stable temperature stratification, sufficient cryoconcentration may lead to salt fingering, which is complicated by the nonlinear equation of state (Özgökmen & Esenkov, 1998). Motivated by the work of Bluteau et al. (2017), Olsthoorn et al. (2020 used numerical simulations to model these salt fingers and the resultant transport of salty water from the ice-water interface to the lake bottom. The present paper builds upon this previous work by performing a set of physical experiments to visualize the salt exclusion-induced plumes.However, salt fingers are not the only physical process responsible for transporting salts under ice. Mortimer and Mackereth (1958) discussed how bottom heat flux and sediment respiration can generate gravity currents that transport heat and solutes to the deepest portion of the lake. Furthermore, MacIntyre et al. ( 2018) showed

show abstract

“…5 Implications for Lakes Lerman et al (1995) estimated the global salt concentration for lakes (excluding saline lakes with salinity > 3 g/kg) to be 0.2 g/kg. It is not clear how one would define a global estimate for a lake freezing rate required to compute an average brine-rejection rate.…”

Section: Salt Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brine rejection leads to salt-fingers in seasonally ice-covered lakes

Olsthoorn¹,

Tedford²,

Lawrence³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brine rejection can lead to salt-finger formation under lake ice. We performed a series of experiments to visualize these fingers. We believe that we are the first to do so in a freshwater system. While we detected salt-fingers in our camera recordings, the signal of these fingers is nearly absent in the temperature record. Further, we estimate that the brine is often distributed evenly with depth. Comparing the salt fluxes in our experiments with estimated global averages, we argue that salt-fingers form in most seasonally icecovered lakes.

show abstract

Physics and Chemistry of Lakes

Cited by 127 publications

References 235 publications

Investigation of ¹³⁷Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Investigation of ¹³⁷Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Salt‐Fingering in Seasonally Ice‐Covered Lakes

Brine rejection leads to salt-fingers in seasonally ice-covered lakes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Physics and Chemistry of Lakes

Cited by 127 publications

References 235 publications

Investigation of 137Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Investigation of 137Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Salt‐Fingering in Seasonally Ice‐Covered Lakes

Brine rejection leads to salt-fingers in seasonally ice-covered lakes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Investigation of ¹³⁷Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Investigation of ¹³⁷Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials