Physics, applications, and limitations of borehole neutron-gamma density measurements

Luycx, Mathilde; Torres‐Verdín, Carlos

doi:10.1190/geo2018-0088.1

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Density , is a unique property of matter, and the densities of the four fluids are different from each other. It can be seen from Figure that irrespective of whether it is a sandstone formation or a carbonate formation, the formation density changes with the porosity and the four fluids are clearly distinguished under different porosities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Monte Carlo method is a numerical computation method guided by the statistical theory of probability . The Monte Carlo Neutron and Photo Transport Code (MCNP), developed based on this principle, is widely used in the field of nuclear logging. , We can use MCNP to simulate the response of nuclear logging instruments under different formation conditions, such as physical properties and fluid types.…”

Section: Qualitative Identification Of Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Machine Learning-Based Qualitative Identification of Four-Phase Fluid in Reservoir

Wang,

2023

ACS Omega

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The identification of fluid types has always been the focus of oil and gas field exploration and development research. At this stage, a large amount of CO 2 has been found in many basins during exploration and development, which greatly affects the accuracy of reservoir understanding and evaluation, so it is very important to accurately identify the fluid type of the CO 2 -bearing reservoirs. However, methods utilizing multiple logging data are greatly affected by physical changes in the formation, resulting in methods that are only applicable to the area and layer under study, are poorly generalized, and require multiple instruments and experimental support. Existing nuclear logging methods that primarily utilize logging curve stacking and intersection map methods fail to take full advantage of logging. In this study, taking advantage of the fact that the neutron gamma technique of nuclear logging measurement can provide multiparameter information with the characteristics of machine learning to deal with multidimensional data, comparing the classification results of different ware learning methods under different classification strategies and selecting a method of identifying fluids in logging while drilling was based on the idea of dichotomy and the use of the support vector machine as a meta-model. This solved the problem of identifying fluids in the CO 2 -bearing reservoirs, providing new ideas for the design and fabrication of logging instruments. These instruments can assist with the exploration and development of oil and gas fields and has a broad application prospect in CO 2 -EOR and CCUS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Qualitative Identification Of Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Based Qualitative Identification of Four-Phase Fluid in Reservoir

Wang,

2023

ACS Omega

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“…The main geophysical advantage of the NGD method over the GGD method is a significant (~2.5 times) increase in the depth of investigation (up to ~25 cm) [Yu et al, 2011;Allioli et al, 2013;Reichel et al, 2013;Luyсx, Torres-Verdin, 2019] due to the twocomponent neutron-gamma field expanded in the rock volume and the use of high-energy gamma rays.…”

Section: Module Of Nuclear Logging Based On Pulsed Neutron Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, together with certain merits and, in some cases, successful application of the NGD, there are certain disadvantages [Yu et al, 2011;Reichel et al, 2013;Luyсx, Torres-Verdin, 2019]:…”

Section: Module Of Nuclear Logging Based On Pulsed Neutron Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal apparatus module of radioactivity logging for the investigation of oil-and-gas reservoirs while drilling

Kulyk,

Bondarenko

2023

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Logging-while-drilling (LWD) is the most advanced technology in geophysical well logging. It is widely used for determining the petrophysical and other parameters of oil-and-gas reservoirs in vertical, deviated, and horizontal boreholes. The LWD is particularly important for horizontal boreholes, obtained by directional drilling from vertical boreholes into predetermined hydrocarbon reservoirs. Horizontal boreholes allow multiplying the yield of hydrocarbons, increasing overall production, and using effectively both new vertical boreholes and exploited ones, as well as old boreholes. The opportunity of horizontal drilling to local (isolated) deposits, which are at a certain distance from vertical boreholes, is of also essential importance. All these factors are favourable for increased hydrocarbon production, which is of great significance for Ukraine. This paper concentrates on the apparatus developments aimed at creating a new module of radioactivity logging for LWD; the module is universal in the sense that it can be used in drill collars, which are employed while drilling all types of boreholes. The tool implements neutron-neutron logging, neutron-gamma logging, gamma-gamma logging, and gamma-ray logging. It allows a direct and combined determination of a broad set of petrophysical reservoir parameters. The advantages and disadvantages of the known nuclear logging modules for the LWD have been analyzed, and the features and merits of the proposed one are shown. During the laboratory and borehole operations with a pilot sample of the module, trends for its improvement were outlined. As an example of using the new module for LWD, the results of determining the petrophysical parameters of oil reservoirs of varying lithology in three horizontal boreholes are given. The process of LWD measurements demonstrated high technologicness and efficiency of the module. Comparison of the obtained parameters of the reservoirs with the data of independent measurements carried out in the open hole of the same boreholes using the PEX tool (Schlumberger) showed a qualitative consistency and a quantitative convergence of the results.

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“…Due to safety and cost concerns, these sources are not suitable for in situ applications in tailings ponds that would require multiple sources to simultaneously monitor different depths. Recently, pulsed neutron sources have been proposed for density measurements (Luycx et al., 2019) based on the gamma scattering signatures induced by neutrons interacting with the surrounding soil media. However, this technique would also require fairly complex and expensive sources and detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray radiation monitor for measuring solids content in fluid fine tailings

Wang

Sraw

et al. 2021

J of Env Quality

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The extraction of bitumen from oil sands produces fluid fine tailings (FFT) consisting mainly of water, sands, clay, and residual bitumen. Generally, devices with radioactive sources are used to measure the variation of FFT density or solids concentration inline, but to date there is no suitable device for in situ monitoring in tailings storage facilities such as large tailings ponds. In this study, an alternative method using highresolution spectrometry based on a low radiation intensity source and a cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector was used to measure the solids content in tailings samples based on X-ray attenuation. The radiation source used in the experiment was a 1 μCi 133 Ba. GEANT4, a Monte Carlo-based simulation code that calculates the transmission of radiation through matter, was used to simulate the results of this study and build calibration curves that can determine the solids content concentration based on measured sample composition. Experiments and simulations were performed on various concentrations of both actual FFT samples from tailings facilities and kaolin as a model material. Good agreement between the experimental and simulation results was observed, paving the way for a potential real-time solids content measurement system that could be deployed over large areas to measure the settling of FFT in tailings ponds.Abbreviations: FFT, fluid fine tailings; ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; wt%, weight percent.

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Physics, applications, and limitations of borehole neutron-gamma density measurements

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Machine Learning-Based Qualitative Identification of Four-Phase Fluid in Reservoir

Machine Learning-Based Qualitative Identification of Four-Phase Fluid in Reservoir

Universal apparatus module of radioactivity logging for the investigation of oil-and-gas reservoirs while drilling

X‐ray radiation monitor for measuring solids content in fluid fine tailings

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