Physics-based Motion Retargeting from Sparse Inputs

Abstract

Avatars are important to create interactive and immersive experiences in virtual worlds. One challenge in animating these characters to mimic a user's motion is that commercial AR/VR products consist only of a headset and controllers, providing very limited sensor data of the user's pose. Another challenge is that an avatar might have a different skeleton structure than a human and the mapping between them is unclear. In this work we address both of these challenges. We introduce a method to retarget motions in real-time from sparse human sensor data to characters of various morphologies. Our method uses reinforcement learning to train a policy to control characters in a physics simulator. We only require human motion capture data for training, without relying on artist-generated animations for each avatar. This allows us to use large motion capture datasets to train general policies that can track unseen users from real and sparse data in real-time. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach on three characters with different skeleton structure: a dinosaur, a mouse-like creature and a human. We show that the avatar poses often match the user surprisingly well, despite having no sensor information of the lower body available. We discuss and ablate the important components in our framework, specifically the kinematic retargeting step, the imitation, contact and action reward as well as our asymmetric actor-critic observations. We further explore the robustness of our method in a variety of settings including unbalancing, dancing and sports motions.

Physical Simulation of Balance Recovery after a Push

“…We provide a qualitative comparison with two baseline methods: (a) RL: a reinforcement learning based neural network policy, trained using proximal policy optimization (PPO) [Reda et al 2023]; and (b) MPC: an online model predictive control method [Howell et al 2022]. The RL policy is conditioned on the current state as well as a target state that consists of the position and velocity of the head, root, hands, and feet.…”