Physics-based simulations of grassfire propagation on sloped terrain at field scale: motivations, model reliability, rate of spread and fire intensity†

Innocent, Jasmine; Sutherland, Duncan; Khan, Nazmul Abedin; Moinuddin, Khalid

doi:10.1071/wf21124

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…Mell et al [8,18,19] developed a Wildland-urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS) based on FDS, applied the model to tree fires, grassland fires, and upslope fires, and evaluated the practicality of the model. Innocent et al [20,21] conducted physical modeling of wildfires with varying wind speeds and slope angles in FDS, comparing ROS to several empirical models, and analyzed flame dynamics, fire propagation modes, and heat transfer mechanisms. Fiorini et al [22] established fire scenarios in which the building is exposed to a range of wild fields by FDS, then assessed the impacts of materials, fuels, terrain, and climate on wildfire development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study of the Trench Fire Spread Rule over a Sloped Uniform Fuel Bed: Rate of Fire Spread, Flame Morphology, and Heat Flux

Wang,

Huang

2023

Fire

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Trench fires on sloped terrain are always complicated due to the corresponding flame dynamics and heat transfer mechanisms. Flame attachment may increase the rate of fire spread (ROS) by enlarging the heating area of unburned vegetation. In addition, variations in radiative and convective heat flux are of great importance to fire behavior characteristics. In this work, trench fire tests under different slopes (θ) and inclined sidewalls (A) were performed by numerical simulations based on the Lagrangian Particle Model (LPM) and Boundary Fuel Model (BFM) in the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and small-scale experiments, and the ROS, flame characteristics, and radiative/convective heat flux of the fire front are discussed in detail. The results indicate that the flame tends to adhere to the fuel bed with increasing slope angle and sidewall inclination. In particular, the flame becomes fully attached with a greater pressure difference than the buoyancy, which is caused by the unequal air entrainment between the front and behind the flame. When A = 90°, the critical slope angle of the flame adhesion (from slight tilt to full attachment) is identified as ~20°. The ROS (θ ≤ 15°) predicted by the BFM and LPM are closer to the small-scale experiments. The heat fluxes based on the experiments confirm the predominant mechanism of radiative heat transfer in trench fires at low slopes (θ ≤ 20°). Furthermore, convective heat transfer is more significant than radiative and becomes the main heating mechanism for θ ≥ 20°.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study of the Trench Fire Spread Rule over a Sloped Uniform Fuel Bed: Rate of Fire Spread, Flame Morphology, and Heat Flux

Wang,

Huang

2023

Fire

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Numerical Simulation of Wildfire Spread in Inclined Trenches

Wang,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Fire Technol

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A high-fidelity ensemble simulation framework for interrogating wildland-fire behaviour and benchmarking machine learning models

Wang,

Ihme,

Gazen

et al. 2024

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Background Wildfire research uses ensemble methods to analyse fire behaviours and assess uncertainties. Nonetheless, current research methods are either confined to simple models or complex simulations with limitations. Modern computing tools could allow for efficient, high-fidelity ensemble simulations. Aims This study proposes a high-fidelity ensemble wildfire simulation framework for studying wildfire behaviour, assessing fire risks, analysing uncertainties, and training machine learning (ML) models. Methods We present a simulation framework that integrates the Swirl-Fire large-eddy simulation tool for wildfire predictions with the Vizier optimisation platform for automated run-time management of ensemble simulations and large-scale batch processing. All simulations are executed on tensor-processing units to enhance computational efficiency. Key results A dataset of 117 simulations is created, each with 1.35 billion mesh points. The simulations are compared to existing experimental data and show good agreement in terms of fire rate of spread. Analysis is performed for fire acceleration, mean rate of spread, and fireline intensity. Conclusions Strong coupling between wind speed and slope is observed for fire-spread rate and intermittency. A critical Froude number that delineates fires from plume-dominated to wind-dominated is identified and confirmed with literature observations. Implications The ensemble simulation framework is efficient in facilitating large-scale parametric wildfire studies.

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Physics-based simulations of grassfire propagation on sloped terrain at field scale: motivations, model reliability, rate of spread and fire intensity†

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Experimental and Numerical Study of the Trench Fire Spread Rule over a Sloped Uniform Fuel Bed: Rate of Fire Spread, Flame Morphology, and Heat Flux

Experimental and Numerical Study of the Trench Fire Spread Rule over a Sloped Uniform Fuel Bed: Rate of Fire Spread, Flame Morphology, and Heat Flux

Numerical Simulation of Wildfire Spread in Inclined Trenches

A high-fidelity ensemble simulation framework for interrogating wildland-fire behaviour and benchmarking machine learning models

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