Physiologic races of Puccinia triticina detected on wheat in South Africa from 2017 to 2020

Terefe, T.; Visser, B.; Pretorius, Z. A.; Boshoff, W. H. P.

doi:10.1007/s10658-022-02583-x

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The resistant wheat variety Koonap was noted having infection types ranging from ';' to '2+' for both races (Figure 2), indicating race-non-specific resistance in this variety. Previous research support this finding and have demonstrated that the variety Koonap confers long-lasting resistance to stem rust (Pretorius et al, 2000;Pretorius et al, 2007;Visser et al, 2011;Terefe et al, 2023). Our results of seedling tests against the two South African prevalent stem rust races also revealed that Koonap could be carrying effective seedling resistance metabolite biomarkers, as compared to Morocco where the vulnerability to Ug99 races on the variety was reported (Bajgain et al, 2016;Soko et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Defence-related metabolic changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings in response to infection by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Maserumule,

Rauwane,

Madala

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Stem rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is a destructive fungal disease-causing major grain yield losses in wheat. Therefore, understanding the plant defence regulation and function in response to the pathogen attack is required. As such, an untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics approach was employed as a tool to dissect and understand the biochemical responses of Koonap (resistant) and Morocco (susceptible) wheat varieties infected with two different races of P. graminis (2SA88 [TTKSF] and 2SA107 [PTKST]). Data was generated from the infected and non-infected control plants harvested at 14- and 21- days post-inoculation (dpi), with 3 biological replicates per sample under a controlled environment. Chemo-metric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to highlight the metabolic changes using LC-MS data of the methanolic extracts generated from the two wheat varieties. Molecular networking in Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) was further used to analyse biological networks between the perturbed metabolites. PCA and OPLS-DA analysis showed cluster separations between the varieties, infection races and the time-points. Distinct biochemical changes were also observed between the races and time-points. Metabolites were identified and classified using base peak intensities (BPI) and single ion extracted chromatograms from samples, and the most affected metabolites included flavonoids, carboxylic acids and alkaloids. Network analysis also showed high expression of metabolites from thiamine and glyoxylate, such as flavonoid glycosides, suggesting multi-faceted defence response strategy by understudied wheat varieties towards P. graminis pathogen infection. Overall, the study provided the insights of the biochemical changes in the expression of wheat metabolites in response to stem rust infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Defence-related metabolic changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings in response to infection by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Maserumule,

Rauwane,

Madala

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Rust commonly affects wheat-growing regions in various geographical locations [5,12,14,25]. Under favorable conditions for disease development, rust can cause significant yield and quality losses [26]. The virulence profiles of the main rust-causing species, namely P. striiformis f. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Puccinia Spore Concentrations in Relation to Weather Factors and Phenological Development of a Wheat Crop in Northwestern Spain

Sánchez Espinosa,

Fernández-González,

Almaguer

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Rust is one of the main diseases affecting wheat crops in Spain, causing significant yield and quality losses. Research on its identification and quantification in the air is a worldwide priority due to the importance of this crop as a source of food and feed. The objective of this study is to determine the temporal variation of airborne spores of Puccinia and their relationship with meteorological variables and the phenological development of a wheat crop in Northwestern Spain during two growing seasons. The study was conducted in A Limia, Ourense, located in Northwestern Spain, during the wheat growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. The Lanzoni VPPS 2010 spore trap was used to collect airborne spores, which were identified using optical microscopy. The wheat growing season was less than 95 days during both years, and wheat rust spores were detected during all phenological stages of the crop. Concentrations were higher than 100 spores/m3 from the booting stage to senescence, mainly in 2021. Statistical analyses showed that temperature was the meteorological variable that most influenced Puccinia concentrations in the air in both years. The modification of a prediction model proposed by other authors for wheat rust, which takes into account mean temperature (10–25 °C), dew point temperature (<5 °C), and nighttime temperature (10–20 °C), allowed us to tentatively predict the increase in Puccinia concentrations in the year 2022 when these conditions occurred for four or five consecutive days. This research is the first in Spain to report the presence of rust-causing Puccinia spores in the air during all phenological stages of the wheat crop and provides useful information for designing management strategies, considering temperature values.

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Battling Wheat Rust in South Africa: Challenges and Strategies

Pretorius,

Terefe,

Visser

et al. 2024

Plant Health Cases

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Rust diseases are seasonal in occurrence but remain a threat to wheat production in South Africa. Adaptation of local races for pathogenic variability, the incursion of exotic variants, the successful survival of pathogens between cropping seasons, susceptibility of some varieties, and favourable environmental conditions, all contribute to rust incidence. Rust surveillance and race typing of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ( Pgt ) and P. triticina ( Pt ) have been conducted since the 1980s, with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ) being added in 1996. To support race phenotyping, molecular characterisation of key isolates was initiated in 2007. Between 2007 and 2022, 11 new Pt races, 8 new Pgt races, and 1 new Pst race confirmed a continued evolution of South African wheat rust populations. Isolates of important races are used for rigorous germplasm evaluation and risk assessment of commercial varieties. Although resistance is the management method of choice, fungicides are regularly applied against a panel of fungal pathogens, likewise protecting crops against rust. Yield loss studies, genetics of resistance, germplasm enrichment, marker development and application, support to breeding companies, chemical control, and the communication of rust data and relevant information, are themes contributed by stakeholders combatting the wheat rusts in South Africa. Information © The Authors 2024

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Physiologic races of Puccinia triticina detected on wheat in South Africa from 2017 to 2020

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Defence-related metabolic changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings in response to infection by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Defence-related metabolic changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings in response to infection by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Puccinia Spore Concentrations in Relation to Weather Factors and Phenological Development of a Wheat Crop in Northwestern Spain

Battling Wheat Rust in South Africa: Challenges and Strategies

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