“…The extents to which these effects have occurred, and will continue to occur, depend largely on the adaptive and plastic capacities of organisms to adjust key physiological traits, such as thermal tolerance limits (especially in aquatic ectotherms; Sunday et al, 2012;Pinsky et al, 2019), in response to increased temperatures (e.g., Crain et al, 2008;Somero, 2010;Bay et al, 2017;Kellermann and van Heerwaarden, 2019). In particular, given that rapid phenotypic changes are necessary due to high rates of environmental change (e.g., Barrett and Hendry, 2012;Fox et al, 2019), phenotypic plasticity may play a critical role in the resilience of populations and species to the effects of climate change (Merilä and Hendry, 2014;Donelson et al, 2019;Morley et al, 2019).…”