Physiological, Anatomical, Chemical, and Genetic Responses of Two Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to Invitro Optical Bio-stimulation Induction

Abstract

This experiment was carried out at Cairo University's Faculty of Agriculture in Giza, Egypt during the 2020 and 2021 seasons in the same location to determine the influence of laser irradiation on the growth, production, chemical content, anatomical structure, and gene expression of dry beans. Two commercial cultivars were used (Tema and Nebraska). The treatments were 5milliwatt power for 30seconds, 5 mill watt power for 120seconds, 20milliwatt power for 30seconds, 20 mill watt power for 120seconds, and control. The result showed that the Tema cultivar combined with 20 mW× 120s enhanced vegetative growth parameters and plant production compared to untreated. The same attributes, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, total sugar, total phenol, and antioxidants were significantly affected with the Tema cultivar and 20 mW×120s. Moreover, the highest values of anatomical characters were recorded by treated plants with laser at (20 mW× 120 s) for midvein thickness, Lamina thickness, dimensions of midvein bundle, the number of rows of xylem as well as the mean diameter of the vessel for both cultivars under study. SCoT-cDNA technique identified fragments ranging from 94 to 1609 bp and produced 23 polymorphic bands (52.91% average of polymorphism) with 13 unique bandsmostlyfrom5 milli watt power for 30s. The maximum value of GTS was %40 % at 20-milliwatt power for 120min, while the minimum value was recorded at 22.5 %at5-milliwatt power for 30s and the control. The results revealed the accuracy and benefits of the SCoT-cDNA technique for determining the changes in gene expression in plants exposed to laser radiation.