Physiological and Anatomical Investigation of Flower Colors ofPrimula vulgarisL.

Abstract

Primula vulgaris L. (Primrose) of Primulaceae family is an annual or perennial herbaceous ornamental plant with white, yellow, pink, red or violet flowers. There is no study on the relationship between various pigments and petal colors of this plant, which has an important place in urban architecture, is resistant to cold weather, and grows in scattered clumps, and the leaves and flowers of which are clustered in the form of a rosette at the base. This study aims to inspect the relationship between anthocyanin, which colors the flowers of P. vulgaris employed as material in this study and chlorophyll. It further aims at determining whether there is a relationship between the active ingredients of Primula as a publicly favored medicinal plant and its total protein content. Consequently, it has been physiologically and anatomically proved that anthocyanin existed more at the root, at the basal part of the spatulate leaf, and at the base of the long flower stalk, and was synthesized more in the abaxial and adaxial epidermal cells in the flower petal.

Phenolic Accumulation in Hybrid Primrose and Pigment Distribution in Different Flower Segments

“…Anthocyanin content in hybrid primrose flower segments was negatively correlated with their chlorophyll levels, which is in accordance with the study of € Unal et al (2003) who measured decreased levels of chlorophyll at concurrent increase of total anthocyanins in P. vulgaris. The arrest of chlorophyll synthesis also was reported by Kannangara andHansson (1998) andAyala Arreola et al (2008) after the activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in developing poinsettia bracts.…”

“…The level of total chlorophyll in the CT was comparable with the levels detected in developing bracts of several poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivars (Slatnar et al, 2013), and € Unal et al (2003) previously measured considerable levels of total chlorophyll in corolla and pedicel of P. vulgaris. The perianth of most flowering plants contains low amounts of chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis.…”

Investigation of Anthocyanin Localization in Various Parts ofImpatiens BalsaminaL.

“…The anthocyanins form one of the major groups of pigments belonging to the secondary metabolite group of fl avonoids. They are often responsible for the orange, red, and blue colors in fruits, vegetables, fl owers, and other storage tissues in plants (3,13,34,38,40). The anthocyanins, generally found in the vacuoles of epidermal cells, come in different color depending on the pH of vacuole sap (13,35,43).…”