Physiological and antioxidant responses of cotton and spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) under nitrogen deficiency

Abstract

Spurred anoda is a major competitor with cotton in the southern United States. Physiological and antioxidant responses of two species of cotton (Gossypium barbadenseL. cv. ‘Pima S-7’ andGossypium hirsutumL., Delta and Pine Land Company cv. ‘Delta Pine 5415’) and two accessions of spurred anoda [New Mexico (NM) and Mississippi (MS)] were investigated under nitrogen (N) -sufficient and -deficient conditions in the greenhouse. Pima S-7 had the highest leaf N content of all the plants regardless of treatment. Biomass decreased in all species when N was withheld, with Pima S-7 exhibiting the least reduction and MS the greatest. Plant height decreased in cotton but not spurred anoda under N stress. Height:node ratio increased 9% in MS, but decreased 8% in DP 5415 when they were deprived of N. Withholding N reduced photosynthesis 45% regardless of species. Comparable decreases were found in stomatal conductance and transpiration, suggesting strong stomatal regulation of gas exchange under N stress. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II (dark-adaptedFv/Fm) decreased 4% under N deficiency. Alpha-carotene decreased for all species when N was withheld, except for the NM accession, in which the levels increased. Total chlorophyll and lutein decreased under N stress regardless of species, but alpha-tocopherol and the xanthophyll cycle conversion state increased. Pima S-7 had the most chlorophyll and lutein, and both cotton species had more alpha-tocopherol, anthocyanins, and free-radical scavenging capacity than spurred anoda. These enhanced pigment and antioxidant profiles of cotton, particularly Pima S-7, may contribute to cotton's ability to compete for N with spurred anoda.

Can soil plant analysis development values predict chlorophyll and total Fe in hybrid poplar?

“…The photodiode array detector was set to 445 nm to capture chlorophyll a and b which were separated using a method described by Gilmore and Yamamoto (1991) and modified according to Bettmann et al (2006). Briefly, a 20-ll sample was injected onto an Alltech (Columbia, MD) Spherisorb ODS-1 column (4.6-mm i.d.…”

Assessing the effects of cultivar and nitrogen application rate on seedling vigor and early‐season canopy growth in cotton

“…In contrast, N application had no effect on early‐season vigor or whole‐canopy growth up to 35 DAP (Tables S1–S3). Although the negative effects of N deficiency have been well documented in cotton (Bettmann et al., 2006; Kawakami et al., 2013; Radin & Parker, 1979; Rutto et al., 2013; Shang et al., 2016; Tewolde & Fernandez, 2003), N effects on early‐season growth have received far less attention (Ashley et al., 1974; Gardner & Tucker, 1967). The cotton plant begins producing floral buds (squares) after 35 DAP, and flowering and boll development begin after 60 DAP.…”

Comparison of physiological and antioxidant responses of Anoda cristata and cotton to progressive drought

“…Ten leaf discs were homogenised in 700 μL of a solution containing 50 m m PIPES buffer, 6 m m cysteine hydrochloride, 10 m m d ‐isoascorbic acid, 1 m m EDTA, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP‐10), 0.3% triton X‐100, pH 6.8, and centrifuged at 7000 g for 15 min at 4°C, as modified from Foster and Hess (1980). The supernatant was desalted and used for assaying total protein and enzyme activities (APX, ascorbate peroxidase; CAT, catalase; GR, glutathione reductase), as described previously (Bettmann et al. , 2006).…”

“…, 2006). Antioxidants and chlorophylls were assayed according to a method modified from Gilmore and Yamamoto (1991), as described previously (Bettmann et al. , 2006).…”