Physiological and biochemical changes at the rootstock-scion interface in graft combinations between<i>Cucurbita</i>rootstocks and a melon scion

Aloni, B.; Karni, L.; Deventurero, G.; Levin, Z.; Cohen, Roni; Katzir, Nurit; Lotan-Pompan, Maya; Edelstein, M.; Aktaş, Hakan; Turhan, Ece; Joel, D.M.; Horev, C.; Kapulnik, Yoram

doi:10.1080/14620316.2008.11512460

Cited by 92 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Embora não se tenha conhecimento da causa, alguns autores acreditam que esse bloqueio da translocação seja provocado pela redução do número de células e elementos do fl oema na união do enxerto (ALONI et al, 2008;PINA & ERREA, 2009;MARTÍNEZ-BALLESTA et al, 2010). Ocorre também a produção, pelas folhas, de compostos tóxicos, como o cianeto, que causa a degeneração dos tecidos do portaenxerto, difi cultando o estabelecimento de conexões vasculares funcionais (MOORE, 1986;NOCITO et al, 2010;DARIKOVA et al, 2011).…”

Section: Incompatibilidade 'Translocada'unclassified

“…Entretanto, uma das hipóteses para a incompatibilidade de enxertia é de que a auxina é transportada em taxas diferentes da cultivar-copa para o portaenxerto, afetando a produção de citocinina nas raízes e provocando taxas de crescimento diferencial entre portaenxerto e cultivar-copa (DARIKOVA et al, 2011). Por outro lado, ALONI et al (2008) sugerem que a causa pode ser a ocorrência de desequilíbrio hormonal no sistema radicular, principalmente com relação à auxina e etileno. Segundo esses autores, após a enxertia, quando as conexões vasculares estão sendo estabelecidas, a auxina produzida na cultivar é translocada para o sistema radicular, onde atinge concentrações muito elevadas, que desencadeiam um processo de degradação e deterioração das raízes.…”

Section: Hormôniosunclassified

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Incompatibilidade de enxertia em Prunus

et al. 2014

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Section: Incompatibilidade 'Translocada'unclassified

Section: Hormôniosunclassified

Incompatibilidade de enxertia em Prunus

et al. 2014

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“…NAA was also applied directly to the roots of hydroponically grown grafted plants, which caused root decay in incompatible grafts but less harm in compatible ones. The involvement of auxin in the incompatibility mechanism emerged from three additional observations: (i) endogenous IAA analysis revealed that the roots and stems of incompatible combinations contained higher IAA concentrations than the same tissues of compatible ones; (ii) application of the auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, to the stems of grafted plants negated root degradation in incompatible combinations, whereas it had only slight effect on compatible graft combinations; and (iii) root and shoot development of incompatible grafts was normal after blocking basipetal IAA transport by partial stem girdling (Aloni et al, 2008). These results support the hypothesis that auxin produced in the scion is translocated downwards to the root after the graft connection is established, where, after reaching a threshold concentration, auxin triggers degradative processes causing root decay (Aloni, 2010;Aloni et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Role Of Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auxin translocation from the scion to the stock were found to accelerate the development of a successful graft union in Cactus (Shimomura and Fujihara, 1977). Aloni et al (2008;2010) showed that, in grafted Cucurbita, exogenous application of high concentrations (≥ 10 -7 M) of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin, to the root caused inhibition of root growth. Root growth of incompatible grafts was more affected than that of compatible ones.…”

Section: The Role Of Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lack of understanding is probably due to the lack of adequate methods to analyze the metabolic changes occurring during the development of the stock/ scion union. Only a few studies have been made on compatibility in woody plants (Errea et al, 1994;Errea, 1998;Salvatierra et al, 1998;1999;Pina and Errea, 2005;Koepke and Dhingra, 2013) stages of development of the graft union (Tiedemann, 1989;Aloni et al, 2008;Koepke and Dhingra, 2013). Also, to study the integrity of the union, destructive methods are necessary in order to carry out anatomical studies to visualize the integrity and functionality of the connections between the stock and the scion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graft incompatibility in plants: Metabolic changes during formation and establishment of the rootstock/scion union with emphasis on Prunus species

Gainza¹,

Opazo²,

Muñoz

2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Commercial fruit trees are usually formed by the combination of a rootstock and a scion to broaden the adaptability of scion cultivars to soil and climatic conditions, facilitate agricultural management, and/or increase productivity. In the different cultivated species of the genus Prunus, rootstocks having a wide range of uses are scarce, because of rootstock/ scion graft incompatibilities that prevent the establishment of a strong and lasting functional union. Graft incompatibility is a problem in cherry, almond, and apricot than in peach or plum. In general, closely related cultivars and species tend to be compatible, but taxonomically distant plants often manifest incompatibility. This review will focus on the knowledge currently available on the metabolic response during the formation and establishment of the stock/scion graft union in order to help the effort for identify future metabolic markers to be used in breeding programs. The physiological, metabolic and molecular mechanisms that cause incompatibility remain unclear and several hypotheses have been proposed to explain it, mostly based on herbaceous species. Few studies are available to explain incompatibility in woody plants. Various phenolic compounds are known to affect cell division, development and differentiation at the graft union. Flavonol (catechins and proanthocyanidins) concentrations increase shortly after grafting and, as a result of the stress induced during the healing response, vacuolar membrane disruption occurs resulting in the escape of phenols from the vacuole into the cytoplasmic matrix, causing dysfunctions in the growth of certain tissues (xylem and phloem), interference with the synthesis of lignin or inducing hormonal imbalances. All these abnormalities result in mechanical weakening of the union, which may manifest during the first year after grafting (translocated incompatibility) or may appear several years later (localized incompatibility), leading to major economic losses. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of graft incompatibility, particularly in woody plants. This knowledge is essential to develop molecular markers useful in rootstock breeding programs.

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Molecular Aspects of Grafting in Woody Plants

Assunção

Tedesco

Fevereiro

2021

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Grafting is an ancient technique especially used in horticulture and in orchards as a tool for plant propagation and improvement. Although grafting has brought incredible benefits to agriculture and is being used worldwide in the cultivation of almost every fruit tree, the mechanisms, and pathways driving the formation or the incompatibilities of graft unions are still largely unknown. Recently, the potential of grafting has resurfaced in the literature and molecular approaches are currently contributing to the understanding of graft union formation and the phenomenon of scion–rootstock graft incompatibility. This work focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of graft formation in woody plants, highlighting the identified regulators of this process in molecular terms. We review how the healing of the union proceeds in incompatible grafts, the challenge of phenotyping graft incompatibility, and the detection methods developed for its prediction. In the pursuit of finding sustainable solutions for agriculture, while faced with the alarming predictions of climate changes, grafting is being revaluated as a new biotechnological tool. Therefore, some examples of how we can broaden the scope of useful grafting applications, exploit biodiversity in a unique chimeric plant, and manipulate phenotypic traits by delivering proteins and RNAs across graft unions, are also discussed. Research in this field still has a long way to go before the exciting prospect of deliberately combining multiple plant traits becomes reality.

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Physiological and biochemical changes at the rootstock-scion interface in graft combinations betweenCucurbitarootstocks and a melon scion

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

Incompatibilidade de enxertia em Prunus

Incompatibilidade de enxertia em Prunus

Graft incompatibility in plants: Metabolic changes during formation and establishment of the rootstock/scion union with emphasis on Prunus species

Molecular Aspects of Grafting in Woody Plants

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