Physiological and fitness response of flowers to temperature and water augmentation in a high Andean geophyte

Dudley, Leah S.; Arroyo, Mary T. K.; Murillo, María Del Pilar Fernández

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.02.015

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although several were lost, Yr-2 flower-heads seemed to last fewer days. This is consistent with other studies in the Chilean Andes which show that single flowers stay open longer upon water addition [ 70 ], in wetter years [ 45 ] and under cooler temperatures [ 22 ]. Shorter lived flower-heads imply less temporal overlap among open flower-heads and hence fewer flower-heads open at any one time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Extreme Drought Affects Visitation and Seed Set in a Plant Species in the Central Chilean Andes Heavily Dependent on Hummingbird Pollination

Arroyo

Robles

Tamburrino

et al. 2020

Plants

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Rising temperatures and increasing drought in Mediterranean-type climate areas are expected to affect plant–pollinator interactions, especially in plant species with specialised pollination. Central Chile experienced a mega drought between 2010 and 2020 which reached an extreme in the austral summer of 2019–2020. Based on intensive pollinator sampling and floral studies we show that the subalpine form of Mutisia subulata (Asteraceae) is a specialised hummingbird-pollinated species. In a two-year study which included the severest drought year, we quantified visitation frequency, flower-head density, flower-head visitation rates, two measures of floral longevity, nectar characteristics and seed set and monitored climatic variables to detect direct and indirect climate-related effects on pollinator visitation. Flower-head density, nectar standing crop and seed set were significantly reduced in the severest drought year while nectar concentration increased. The best model to explain visitation frequency included flower-head density, relative humidity, temperature, and nectar standing crop with highly significant effects of the first three variables. Results for flower-head density suggest hummingbirds were able to associate visual signals with reduced resource availability and/or were less abundant. The negative effect of lower relative humidity suggests the birds were able to perceive differences in nectar concentration. Reduced seed set per flower-head together with the availability of far fewer ovules in the 2019–2020 austral summer would have resulted in a major reduction in seed set. Longer and more intense droughts in this century could threaten local population persistence in M. subulata.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Extreme Drought Affects Visitation and Seed Set in a Plant Species in the Central Chilean Andes Heavily Dependent on Hummingbird Pollination

Arroyo

Robles

Tamburrino

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Work with L. bicolor and the closely related L. androsaceus has demonstrated that flowers of Leptosiphon lose substantial amounts of water, and plants may produce smaller flowers in drier locations or conditions in order to limit that loss (Lambrecht, 2013; Lambrecht, Morrow, & Hussey, 2017). Floral water loss of Leptosiphon and other plant species has been shown to affect leaf physiology and can lead to reduced gas exchange, particularly in dry conditions (Dudley, Arroyo, & Fernandez‐Murillo, 2018; Galen, Sherry, & Carroll, 1999; Lambrecht, 2013). In this study, plants from both Domino and Kingbird Pond produced smaller flowers with both the natural and experimental droughts, perhaps because they flowered later after the onset of the terminal drought, when floral water loss would have been more deleterious.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and plastic changes in a native annual plant after a historic drought

Lambrecht

Gujral

Renshaw

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Severe droughts are forecast to increase with global change. Approaches that enable the study of contemporary evolution, such as resurrection studies, are valuable for providing insights into the responses of populations to global change. In this study, we used a resurrection approach to study the evolution of the California native Leptosiphon bicolor (true babystars, Polemoniaceae) across populations differing in precipitation in response to the state's recent prolonged drought (2011–2017). In the Mediterranean climate region in which L. bicolor grows, this historic drought effectively shortened its growing season. We used seeds collected both before and after this drought from three populations found along a moisture availability gradient to assess contemporary evolution in a common garden greenhouse study. We coupled this with a drought experiment to examine plasticity. We found evolution toward earlier flowering after the historic drought in the wettest of the three populations, while plasticity to experimental drought was observed across all three. We also observed trade‐offs associated with earlier flowering. In the driest population, plants that flowered earlier had lower intrinsic water‐use efficiency than those flowering later, which was an expected pattern. Unexpectedly, earlier flowering plants had larger flowers. Two populations exhibited evolution and plasticity toward smaller flowers with drought. The third exhibited evolution toward larger flowers, but displayed no plasticity. Our results provide valuable insights into differences among native plant populations in response to drought.

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“…Next, we dissected the phenotypic basis of dramatic differences in seed set between M. guttatus and M. nasutus under drought, exploring vegetative and reproductive traits, developmental rates, and survival across the life cycle. Is the larger flowered M. guttatus more vulnerable to desiccation (e.g., Dudley, Arroyo, & Fernández‐Murillo, ; Galen, Sherry, & Carroll, ) due to increased floral input? Do Mimulus taxa show variation in leaf traits related to water use efficiency?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in drought‐response traits between sympatric species of Mimulus

Mantel

Sweigart

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Differential adaptation to local environmental conditions is thought to be an important driver of speciation. Plants, whose sedentary lifestyle necessitates fine‐tuned adaptation to edaphic conditions such as water availability, are often distributed based on these conditions. Populations occupying water‐limited habitats may employ a variety of strategies, involving numerous phenotypes, to prevent and withstand desiccation. In sympatry, two closely related Mimulus species—M. guttatus and M. nasutus—occupy distinct microhabitats that differ in seasonal water availability. In a common garden experiment, we characterized natural variation within and between sympatric M. guttatus and M. nasutus in the ability to successfully set seed under well‐watered and drought conditions. We also measured key phenotypes for drought adaptation, including developmental timing, plant size, flower size, and stomatal density. Consistent with their microhabitat associations in nature, M. nasutus set seed much more successfully than M. guttatus under water‐limited conditions. This divergence in reproductive output under drought was due to differences in mortality after the onset of flowering, with M. nasutus surviving at a much higher rate than M. guttatus. Higher seed set in M. nasutus was mediated, at least in part, by a plastic increase in the rate of late‐stage development (i.e., fruit maturation), consistent with the ability of this species to inhabit more ephemeral habitats in the field. Our results suggest adaptation to water availability may be an important factor in species maintenance of these Mimulus taxa in sympatry.

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Physiological and fitness response of flowers to temperature and water augmentation in a high Andean geophyte

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Extreme Drought Affects Visitation and Seed Set in a Plant Species in the Central Chilean Andes Heavily Dependent on Hummingbird Pollination

Extreme Drought Affects Visitation and Seed Set in a Plant Species in the Central Chilean Andes Heavily Dependent on Hummingbird Pollination

Evolutionary and plastic changes in a native annual plant after a historic drought

Divergence in drought‐response traits between sympatric species of Mimulus

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