Physiological and growth responses of differentially irrigated cotton to ozone

Temple, Patrick J.; Kupper, R. S.; Lennox, R.L.; Röhr, Klaus

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(88)90038-3

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The hypothesis that because plants chronically exposed ~o 03 have smaller roots they may be more susceptible to drought was not supported by this experiment. Ozone did reduce root mass to a greater de!P"ee than stem mass and thus increased shoot-root ratios (Temple et al, 1988a), but this did not increase the .s~sceptibility to drought of these plants. Instead, 03~mJured plants were less susceptible to drought as eVIdenced by their ability to maintain higher w; at e9ual soil 'Yater ~o~entials than control CF plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Water Relations of Differentially Irrigated Cotton Exposed to Ozone

Temple

1990

Agronomy Journal

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This field study was conducted to test the hypothesis that plants chronically exposed to O3 may be more susceptible to drought kcause OM3 typically inhibits root growth and increases shoot‐root ratios in plants. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Acala SJ‐2) was grown in open‐top chambers on Hanford coarse sandy loam (coarseloamy, mixed, non‐acid, thermic, Typic Xerorthents) in Riverside, CA. Plants were grown under three irrigation regimes: optimum water for lint production (OW), suboptimum or moderate drought stress (SO), and severely drought stressed (SS) and were exposed to seasonal 12 h (0800–2000) O3 concentrations of 0.015, 0.074, 0.094, or 0.111 μL L−1. Leaf xylem pressure potentials (Ψ1) and soil water content (Ψv) were measured weekly from June to October. Mean seasonal Ψ1 increased from −1.89 MPa to −1.72 MPa in low to high O3 treatments, averaged across soil water regimes. Ozone had no effect on seasonal water use of cotton, but water use efficiency was significantly reduced by O3 in OW and SO, but noit in SS treatments. Drought‐stressed plants extracted proportionally greater amounts of water from deeper in the soil profile than OW cotton, and O3 had no apparent effect on this redistribution of roots in the soil. Since O3 had no apparent effect on the ability of droughtstressed cotton to maintain Ψ1 and to increase root growth relative to shoot growth, this suggests that O3 may have little or no effect: on the potential of cotton to adapt to or tolerate drought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Previous studies of the interaction of 0 3 and drought stress on cotton hav•e focused on growth and yield responses (Temple et al, 1985(Temple et al, , 1988aHeagle et al, 1988. The effects of 0 3 and drought stress on the water r•elations of cotton have not been adequately documented.…”

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confidence: 99%

Water Relations of Differentially Irrigated Cotton Exposed to Ozone

Temple

1990

Agronomy Journal

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“…2-4). In contrast, rates of photosynthesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in N (0.077 µPa•Pa -1 ozone) plots were less than those in chambers with ambient air (0.074 µPa•Pa -1 ozone) (Temple et al, 1988). The most commonly observed chamber effect is that plants grown inside them tend to be taller than plants grown outside (Heagle, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photosynthesis, Growth, and Yield Response of `Casselman' Plum to Various Ozone Partial Pressures during Orchard Establishment

Retzlaff¹,

Williams²,

DeJong³

1992

jashs

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Nursery stock of plum (Prunus salicina Lindel., `Casselman') was planted 1 Apr. 1988 in an experimental orchard at the Kearney Agricultural Center, Univ. of California, near Fresno. The trees were enclosed in open-top fumigation chambers on 1 May 1989 and exposed to three atmospheric ozone partial pressures (charcoal-filtered air, ambient air, and ambient air + ozone) from 8 May to 15 Nov. 1989 and from 9 Apr. to 9 Nov. 1990. Trees grown outside of chambers were used to assess chamber effects on tree performance. The mean 12-hour (0800-2000 hr Pacific Daylight Time) ozone partial pressures during the 2-year experimental period in the charcoal-filtered, ambient, ambient + ozone, and nonchamber treatments were 0.044, 0.059, 0.111, and 0.064 μPa·Pa-1 in 1989 and 0.038, 0.050, 0.090, and 0.050 pPa·Pa-1 in 1990, respectively. Leaf net CO2 assimilation rate of `Casselman' plum decreased with increasing atmospheric ozone partial pressure from the charcoal-filtered to ambient + ozone treatment. There was no difference in plum leaf net CO2 assimilation rate between the ambient chamber and nonchamber plots. Trees in the ambient + ozone treatment had greater leaf fall earlier in the growing season than those of the other treatments. Cross-sectional area growth of the trunk decreased with increasing atmospheric ozone partial pressures from the charcoal-filtered to ambient + ozone treatment. Yield of plum trees in 1990 was 8.8, 6.3, 5.5, and 5.5 kg/tree in the charcoal-filtered, ambient, ambient + ozone, and nonchamber treatments, respectively. Average fruit weight (grams/fruit) was not affected by atmospheric ozone partial pressure. Fruit count per tree decreased as atmospheric ozone partial pressure increased from the charcoal-filtered to ambient + ozone treatment. Decreases in leaf gas exchange and loss of leaf surface area were probable contributors to decreases in trunk cross-sectional area growth and yield of young `Casselman' plum trees during orchard establishment.

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“…Thus drought protects plants from O3 mainly through influence on stomatal aperture rather than through biochemical or anatomical changes (Tingey & Hogsett, 1985). Drought stress alone tends to decrease g but not A in cotton, and se\'ere drought stress reduces the negative effect of O3 on carbon fixation (Temple et aL, 1988).…”

Section: Combination Of Drought and Odmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of aspen foliage exposed to multiple stresses: ozone, nitrogen deficiency and drought

1994

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Sl'MMARYTwo field experiments were conducted to examine the impact nf a foliar stress (ozone, O.,), alone or in combination with u resource stress, on cavbon giiin of aspen {Populin^ Iremuioidus MicVis.), The tirst experiment involved nitrogen deficiency, and the second, drought stress.The patterns of change in icaf area, photosynthetic rate and carbon gain with leaf position from root to apex were altered by O^ alone. Net photosynthesis and car boxy iation capaeity of older leaves decreased, and of younger leaves increased, in response to O^, Thus younger leaves partially compensated for the decreased photosynthetic capacity nf older leaves. Physiological maturity and senescence were accelerated by O.,. Whole plant carbon gain declined with O3 due-to reductions in both leaf urea and photosynthetk rate.Nitrogen deficiencv-alone decreased carbon gain via reductions in both leaf area and photosyntheric rate across leaf position. The effects of O., and nitrogen deficiencv together on hoth leaf area and phntosyntht'tic rate were additive. Aspen seedlings compensated to O,, stress regardkss of nitrogen level. Plant responses to both of these stresses may have been mediated by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase iRubisco) content or activity, and thus indirectly by nitrogen content.ln the second expenment, seedlings were subjected to drought during the first six weeks of exposure to O.,, and were measured several weeks after termination cf the drought treatment. Drought caused aspen seedlings to produce fewer and smaller leaves. After termination of drought, they produced larger new leav'es, and net photosynthesis af most leaves was greater than in continuously well-watered plants. In plants not exposed to O^, enhanced photosynthetic rate partially compensated for the smaller leaf area. ()., generallv decreased leaf area and photosynthesis, and hence carhon gain. The effects of prior exposure to drought and O., together were additive for whnle-plant photosynthetic rate, but less than additive for whole-plant kaf area.Key words: Nitrogen, drought, ozone, photosynthesis. Popidiis tn-mulGides (aspen).parameters, leaf number and area, and carbon allocation to roots and shoots (reviewed by Mooney, Resource and foliar stresses .,,,. j r) n inoi^ r> ^-' . . . ' •' Winner & Pell, 1991). Compensation mtnimizes Plants commonly grow in environments where reductions in whole-plant carbon gain caused by natura) stresses such as deficiency of water or stress. For example, plants growing under nitrogen nutrients are encountered. Chapin (1991) distindeficiency (Marschner, 1986) or drought conditions guishes between stresses caused by insufficient (Sharp & Davies, 1989) increase root: shoot ratios resources and those caused by direct physiological and thereby increase the capacity to obtain nutrients damage due to disruption of metabolism. Plants and water from soils. With increased ability to gain respond to resource stresses by altering gas exchange below-ground resources, more of these resources can be allocated to leaf tis...

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Physiological and growth responses of differentially irrigated cotton to ozone

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Water Relations of Differentially Irrigated Cotton Exposed to Ozone

Water Relations of Differentially Irrigated Cotton Exposed to Ozone

Photosynthesis, Growth, and Yield Response of `Casselman' Plum to Various Ozone Partial Pressures during Orchard Establishment

Analysis of aspen foliage exposed to multiple stresses: ozone, nitrogen deficiency and drought

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